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diff --git a/handbook/poky-handbook.html b/handbook/poky-handbook.html deleted file mode 100644 index abc32354dd..0000000000 --- a/handbook/poky-handbook.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2429 +0,0 @@ -<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>Poky Handbook</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.72.0"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="book" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="poky-handbook"></a>Poky Handbook</h1></div><div><h2 class="subtitle">Hitchhiker's Guide to Poky</h2></div><div><div class="authorgroup"><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Richard</span> <span class="surname">Purdie</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">OpenedHand Ltd<br></span></div><code class="email"><<a href="mailto:richard@openedhand.com">richard@openedhand.com</a>></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Tomas</span> <span class="surname">Frydrych</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">OpenedHand Ltd<br></span></div><code class="email"><<a href="mailto:tf@openedhand.com">tf@openedhand.com</a>></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Marcin</span> <span class="surname">Juszkiewicz</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">OpenedHand Ltd<br></span></div><code class="email"><<a href="mailto:hrw@openedhand.com">hrw@openedhand.com</a>></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Dodji</span> <span class="surname">Seketeli</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">OpenedHand Ltd<br></span></div><code class="email"><<a href="mailto:dodji@openedhand.com">dodji@openedhand.com</a>></code></div></div></div><div><p class="copyright">Copyright © 2007 OpenedHand Limited</p></div><div><div class="legalnotice"><a name="id1081631"></a><p> - Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under - the terms of the <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/" target="_top">Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales</a> as published by Creative Commons. - </p></div></div><div><div class="revhistory"><table border="1" width="100%" summary="Revision history"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" colspan="2"><b>Revision History</b></th></tr><tr><td align="left">Revision 3.1</td><td align="left">15 Feburary 2008</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="2">Poky 3.1 (Pinky) Documentation Release</td></tr></table></div></div></div><hr></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#intro">1. Introduction</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#intro-what-is">1. What is Poky?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#intro-manualoverview">2. Documentation Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#intro-requirements">3. System Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#intro-quickstart">4. Quick Start</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#intro-quickstart-build">4.1. Building and Running an Image</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#intro-quickstart-qemu">4.2. Downloading and Using Prebuilt Images</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#intro-getit">5. Obtaining Poky</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#intro-getit-releases">5.1. Releases</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#intro-getit-nightly">5.2. Nightly Builds</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#intro-getit-dev">5.3. Development Checkouts</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#usingpoky">2. Using Poky</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-components">1. Poky Overview</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-components-bitbake">1.1. Bitbake</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-components-metadata">1.2. Metadata (Recipes)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-components-classes">1.3. Classes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-components-configuration">1.4. Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-build">2. Running a Build</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-install">3. Installing and Using the Result</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-install-usbnetworking">3.1. USB Networking</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-install-qemu-networking">3.2. QEMU/USB networking with IP masquerading</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-debugging">4. Debugging Build Failures</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-debugging-taskfailures">4.1. Task Failures</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-debugging-taskrunning">4.2. Running specific tasks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-debugging-dependencies">4.3. Dependency Graphs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-debugging-bitbake">4.4. General Bitbake Problems</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-debugging-buildfile">4.5. Building with no dependencies</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-debugging-variables">4.6. Variables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-debugging-others">4.7. Other Tips</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#extendpoky">3. Extending Poky</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-extend-addpkg">1. Adding a Package</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-extend-addpkg-singlec">1.1. Single .c File Package (Hello World!)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-extend-addpkg-autotools">1.2. Autotooled Package</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-extend-addpkg-makefile">1.3. Makefile-Based Package</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-extend-addpkg-files">1.4. Controlling packages content</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-extend-addpkg-postinstalls">1.5. Post Install Scripts</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-extend-customimage">2. Customising Images</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-extend-customimage-custombb">2.1. Customising Images through a custom image .bb files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-extend-customimage-customtasks">2.2. Customising Images through custom tasks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-extend-customimage-imagefeatures">2.3. Customising Images through custom IMAGE_FEATURES</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-extend-customimage-localconf">2.4. Customising Images through local.conf</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#platdev-newmachine">3. Porting Poky to a new machine</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#platdev-newmachine-conffile">3.1. Adding the machine configuration file</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#platdev-newmachine-kernel">3.2. Adding a kernel for the machine</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#platdev-newmachine-formfactor">3.3. Adding a formfactor configuration file</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-changes">4. Making and Maintaining Changes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-changes-collections">4.1. Bitbake Collections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-changes-commits">4.2. Committing Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-changes-prbump">4.3. Package Revision Incrementing</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-modifing-packages">5. Modifying Package Source Code</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-modifying-packages-quilt">5.1. Modifying Package Source Code with quilt</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#platdev">4. Platform Development with Poky</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#platdev-appdev">1. Software development</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#platdev-appdev-external-anjuta">1.1. Developing externally using the Anjuta Plugin</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#platdev-appdev-external-sdk">1.2. Developing externally using the Poky SDK</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#platdev-appdev-qemu">1.3. Developing externally in QEMU</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#platdev-appdev-chroot">1.4. Developing externally in a chroot</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#platdev-appdev-insitu">1.5. Developing in Poky directly</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#platdev-appdev-devshell">1.6. Developing with 'devshell'</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#platdev-appdev-srcrev">1.7. Developing within Poky with an external SCM based package</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#platdev-gdb-remotedebug">2. Debugging with GDB Remotely</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#platdev-gdb-remotedebug-launch-gdbserver">2.1. Launching GDBSERVER on the target</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#platdev-gdb-remotedebug-launch-gdb">2.2. Launching GDB on the host computer</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#platdev-oprofile">3. Profiling with OProfile</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#platdev-oprofile-target">3.1. Profiling on the target</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#platdev-oprofile-oprofileui">3.2. Using OProfileUI</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#ref-structure">1. Reference: Directory Structure</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#structure-core">1. Top level core components</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#structure-core-bitbake">1.1. <code class="filename">bitbake/</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#structure-core-build">1.2. <code class="filename">build/</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#structure-core-meta">1.3. <code class="filename">meta/</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#structure-core-meta-extras">1.4. <code class="filename">meta-extras/</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#structure-core-scripts">1.5. <code class="filename">scripts/</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#structure-core-sources">1.6. <code class="filename">sources/</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#structure-core-script">1.7. <code class="filename">poky-init-build-env</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#structure-build">2. <code class="filename">build/</code> - The Build Directory</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#structure-build-conf-local.conf">2.1. <code class="filename">build/conf/local.conf</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#structure-build-tmp">2.2. <code class="filename">build/tmp/</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#structure-build-tmp-cache">2.3. <code class="filename">build/tmp/cache/</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#structure-build-tmp-cross">2.4. <code class="filename">build/tmp/cross/</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#structure-build-tmp-deploy">2.5. <code class="filename">build/tmp/deploy/</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#structure-build-tmp-deploy-deb">2.6. <code class="filename">build/tmp/deploy/deb/</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#structure-build-tmp-deploy-images">2.7. <code class="filename">build/tmp/deploy/images/</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#structure-build-tmp-deploy-ipk">2.8. <code class="filename">build/tmp/deploy/ipk/</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#structure-build-tmp-rootfs">2.9. <code class="filename">build/tmp/rootfs/</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#structure-build-tmp-staging">2.10. <code class="filename">build/tmp/staging/</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#structure-build-tmp-stamps">2.11. <code class="filename">build/tmp/stamps/</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#structure-build-tmp-work">2.12. <code class="filename">build/tmp/work/</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#structure-meta">3. <code class="filename">meta/</code> - The Metadata</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#structure-meta-classes">3.1. <code class="filename">meta/classes/</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#structure-meta-conf">3.2. <code class="filename">meta/conf/</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#structure-meta-conf-machine">3.3. <code class="filename">meta/conf/machine/</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#structure-meta-conf-distro">3.4. <code class="filename">meta/conf/distro/</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#structure-meta-packages">3.5. <code class="filename">meta/packages/</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#structure-meta-site">3.6. <code class="filename">meta/site/</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#ref-bitbake">2. Reference: Bitbake</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ref-bitbake-parsing">1. Parsing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ref-bitbake-providers">2. Preferences and Providers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ref-bitbake-dependencies">3. Dependencies</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ref-bitbake-tasklist">4. The Task List</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ref-bitbake-runtask">5. Running a Task</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ref-bitbake-commandline">6. Commandline</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ref-bitbake-fetchers">7. Fetchers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#ref-classes">3. Reference: Classes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ref-classes-base">1. The base class - <code class="filename">base.bbclass</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ref-classes-autotools">2. Autotooled Packages - <code class="filename">autotools.bbclass</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ref-classes-update-alternatives">3. Alternatives - <code class="filename">update-alternatives.bbclass</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ref-classes-update-rc.d">4. Initscripts - <code class="filename">update-rc.d.bbclass</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ref-classes-binconfig">5. Binary config scripts - <code class="filename">binconfig.bbclass</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ref-classes-debian">6. Debian renaming - <code class="filename">debian.bbclass</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ref-classes-pkgconfig">7. Pkg-config - <code class="filename">pkgconfig.bbclass</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ref-classes-src-distribute">8. Distribution of sources - <code class="filename">src_distribute_local.bbclass</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ref-classes-perl">9. Perl modules - <code class="filename">cpan.bbclass</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ref-classes-distutils">10. Python extensions - <code class="filename">distutils.bbclass</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ref-classes-devshell">11. Developer Shell - <code class="filename">devshell.bbclass</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ref-classes-package">12. Packaging - <code class="filename">package*.bbclass</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ref-classes-kernel">13. Building kernels - <code class="filename">kernel.bbclass</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ref-classes-image">14. Creating images - <code class="filename">image.bbclass</code> and <code class="filename">rootfs*.bbclass</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ref-classes-sanity">15. Host System sanity checks - <code class="filename">sanity.bbclass</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ref-classes-insane">16. Generated output quality assurance checks - <code class="filename">insane.bbclass</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ref-classes-siteinfo">17. Autotools configuration data cache - <code class="filename">siteinfo.bbclass</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ref-classes-others">18. Other Classes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#ref-images">4. Reference: Images</a></span></dt><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#ref-features">5. Reference: Features</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ref-features-distro">1. Distro</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ref-features-machine">2. Machine</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ref-features-image">3. Reference: Images</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#ref-variables-glos">6. Reference: Variables Glossary</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="glossary"><a href="#ref-variables-glossary">Glossary</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#ref-varlocality">7. Reference: Variable Locality (Distro, Machine, Recipe etc.)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ref-varlocality-config-distro">1. Distro Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ref-varlocality-config-machine">2. Machine Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ref-varlocality-config-local">3. Local Configuration (local.conf)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ref-varlocality-recipe-required">4. Recipe Variables - Required</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ref-varlocality-recipe-dependencies">5. Recipe Variables - Dependencies</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ref-varlocality-recipe-paths">6. Recipe Variables - Paths</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ref-varlocality-recipe-build">7. Recipe Variables - Extra Build Information</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#faq">8. FAQ</a></span></dt><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#resources">9. Contributing to Poky</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#resources-intro">1. Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#resources-bugtracker">2. Bugtracker</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#resources-mailinglist">3. Mailing list</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#resources-irc">4. IRC</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#resources-links">5. Links</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#contact">10. OpenedHand Contact Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="index"><a href="#index">Index</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="chapter" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="intro"></a>Chapter 1. Introduction</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#intro-what-is">1. What is Poky?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#intro-manualoverview">2. Documentation Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#intro-requirements">3. System Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#intro-quickstart">4. Quick Start</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#intro-quickstart-build">4.1. Building and Running an Image</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#intro-quickstart-qemu">4.2. Downloading and Using Prebuilt Images</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#intro-getit">5. Obtaining Poky</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#intro-getit-releases">5.1. Releases</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#intro-getit-nightly">5.2. Nightly Builds</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#intro-getit-dev">5.3. Development Checkouts</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="intro-what-is"></a>1. What is Poky?</h2></div></div></div><p> - Poky is an open source platform build tool. It is a complete software - development environment for the creation of Linux devices. It aids the - design, development, building, debugging, simulation and testing of - complete modern software stacks using Linux, the X Window System and - GNOME Mobile based application frameworks. It is based on - <a href="http://openembedded.org/" target="_top">OpenEmbedded</a> - but has been customised with a particular focus. - </p><p> Poky was setup to:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>Provide an open source Linux, X11, Matchbox, GTK+, <a href="http://gnome.org/mobile" target="_top">GNOME Mobile</a> platform.</p></li><li><p>Create a focused, stable, subset of OpenEmbedded that can be easily and reliably built and developed upon.</p></li><li><p>Fully support a wide range of x86 and ARM hardware</p></li></ul></div><p><a href="http://www.o-hand.com" target="_top">OpenedHand</a> is the principle developer and maintainer of Poky and uses it to:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>Provide <a href="http://www.o-hand.com" target="_top">OpenedHand</a> with stable R&D platform we can build and develop upon.</p></li><li><p> - Demonstrate the skills available within <a href="http://www.o-hand.com" target="_top"> - OpenedHand</a> and provide a showcase for our software products - (such as the <a href="http://www.matchbox-project.org/" target="_top">Matchbox</a> and - <a href="http://www.pimlico-project.org/" target="_top">Pimlico</a> software packages and - Sato, the default user interface in Poky). - </p></li><li><p>Provide a base we can supply to our clients for building and developing their customised platforms.</p></li></ul></div><p> - Poky is primarily a platform builder which generates filesystem images - based on open source software such as the Kdrive X server, the Matchbox - window manager, the GTK+ toolkit and the D-Bus message bus system. Images - for many kinds of devices can be generated, however the standard example - machines target QEMU system emulation (both x86 and ARM) and the ARM based - Sharp Zaurus series of devices. Poky's ability to boot inside a QEMU - emulator makes it particularly suitable as a test platform for development - of embedded software. - </p><p> - An important component integrated within Poky is Sato, a GNOME Mobile - based user interface environment. - It is designed to work well with screens at very high DPI and restricted - size, such as those often found on smartphones and PDAs. It is coded with - focus on efficiency and speed so that it works smoothly on hand-held and - other embedded hardware. It will sit neatly on top of any device - using the GNOME Mobile stack, providing a well defined user experience. - </p></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="intro-manualoverview"></a>2. Documentation Overview</h2></div></div></div><p> - The handbook is split into sections covering different aspects of Poky. - The <a href="#usingpoky" title="Chapter 2. Using Poky">'Using Poky' section</a> gives an overview - of the components that make up Poky followed by information about using and - debugging the Poky build system. The <a href="#extendpoky" title="Chapter 3. Extending Poky">'Extending Poky' section</a> - gives information about how to extend and customise Poky along with advice - on how to manage these changes. The <a href="#platdev" title="Chapter 4. Platform Development with Poky">'Platform Development with Poky' - section</a> gives information about interaction between Poky and target - hardware for common platform development tasks such as software development, - debugging and profiling. The rest of the manual - consists of several reference sections each giving details on a specific - section of Poky functionality. - </p><p> - This manual applies to Poky Release 3.1 (Pinky). - </p></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="intro-requirements"></a>3. System Requirements</h2></div></div></div><p> - We recommend Debian-based distributions, in particular a recent Ubuntu - release (7.04 or newer), as the host system for Poky. Nothing in Poky is - distribution specific and - other distributions will most likely work as long as the appropriate - prerequisites are installed - we know of Poky being used successfully on Redhat, - SUSE, Gentoo and Slackware host systems. - </p><p>On a Debian-based system, you need the following packages installed:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>build-essential</p></li><li><p>python</p></li><li><p>diffstat</p></li><li><p>texinfo</p></li><li><p>texi2html</p></li><li><p>cvs</p></li><li><p>subversion</p></li><li><p>wget</p></li><li><p>gawk</p></li><li><p>help2man</p></li><li><p>bochsbios (only to run qemux86 images)</p></li></ul></div><p> - Debian users can add debian.o-hand.com to their APT sources (See - <a href="http://debian.o-hand.com" target="_top">http://debian.o-hand.com</a> - for instructions on doing this) and then run <span><strong class="command"> - "apt-get install qemu poky-depends poky-scripts"</strong></span> which will - automatically install all these dependencies. OpenedHand can also provide - VMware images with Poky and all dependencies pre-installed if required. - </p><p> - Poky can use a system provided QEMU or build its own depending on how it's - configured. See the options in <code class="filename">local.conf</code> for more details. - </p></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="intro-quickstart"></a>4. Quick Start</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="intro-quickstart-build"></a>4.1. Building and Running an Image</h3></div></div></div><p> - If you want to try Poky, you can do so in a few commands. The example below - checks out the Poky source code, sets up a build environment, builds an - image and then runs that image under the QEMU emulator in ARM system emulation mode: - </p><p> - </p><pre class="literallayout"> -$ wget http://pokylinux.org/releases/pinky-3.1.tar.gz -$ tar zxvf pinky-3.1.tar.gz -$ cd pinky-3.1/ -$ source poky-init-build-env -$ bitbake poky-image-sato -$ runqemu qemuarm -</pre><p> - </p><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p> - This process will need Internet access, about 3 GB of disk space - available, and you should expect the build to take about 4 - 5 hours since - it is building an entire Linux system from source including the toolchain! - </p></div><p> - To build for other machines see the <em class="glossterm"><a href="#var-MACHINE" title="MACHINE">MACHINE</a></em> variable in build/conf/local.conf - which also contains other configuration information. The images/kernels built - by Poky are placed in the <code class="filename">tmp/deploy/images</code> - directory. - </p><p> - You could also run <span><strong class="command">"poky-qemu zImage-qemuarm.bin poky-image-sato-qemuarm.ext2" - </strong></span> within the images directory if you have the poky-scripts Debian package - installed from debian.o-hand.com. This allows the QEMU images to be used standalone - outside the Poky build environment. - </p><p> - To setup networking within QEMU see the <a href="#usingpoky-install-qemu-networking" title="3.2. QEMU/USB networking with IP masquerading"> - QEMU/USB networking with IP masquerading</a> section. - </p></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="intro-quickstart-qemu"></a>4.2. Downloading and Using Prebuilt Images</h3></div></div></div><p> - Prebuilt images from Poky are also available if you just want to run the system - under QEMU. To use these you need to: - </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p> - Add debian.o-hand.com to your APT sources (See - <a href="http://debian.o-hand.com" target="_top">http://debian.o-hand.com</a> for instructions on doing this) - </p></li><li><p>Install patched QEMU and poky-scripts:</p><p> - </p><pre class="literallayout"> -$ apt-get install qemu poky-scripts -</pre><p> - </p></li><li><p> - Download a Poky QEMU release kernel (*zImage*qemu*.bin) and compressed - filesystem image (poky-image-*-qemu*.ext2.bz2) which - you'll need to decompress with 'bzip2 -d'. These are available from the - <a href="http://pokylinux.org/releases/blinky-3.0/" target="_top">last release</a> - or from the <a href="http://pokylinux.org/autobuild/poky/" target="_top">autobuilder</a>. - </p></li><li><p>Start the image:</p><p> - </p><pre class="literallayout"> -$ poky-qemu <kernel> <image> -</pre><p> - </p></li></ul></div><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p> - A patched version of QEMU is required at present. A suitable version is available from - <a href="http://debian.o-hand.com" target="_top">http://debian.o-hand.com</a>, it can be built - by poky (bitbake qemu-native) or can be downloaded/built as part of the toolchain/SDK tarballs. - </p></div></div></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="intro-getit"></a>5. Obtaining Poky</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="intro-getit-releases"></a>5.1. Releases</h3></div></div></div><p>Periodically, we make releases of Poky and these are available - at <a href="http://pokylinux.org/releases/" target="_top">http://pokylinux.org/releases/</a>. - These are more stable and tested than the nightly development images.</p></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="intro-getit-nightly"></a>5.2. Nightly Builds</h3></div></div></div><p> - We make nightly builds of Poky for testing purposes and to make the - latest developments available. The output from these builds is available - at <a href="http://pokylinux.org/autobuild/" target="_top">http://pokylinux.org/autobuild/</a> - where the numbers represent the svn revision the builds were made from. - </p><p> - Automated builds are available for "standard" Poky and for Poky SDKs and toolchains as well - as any testing versions we might have such as poky-bleeding. The toolchains can - be used either as external standalone toolchains or can be combined with Poky as a - prebuilt toolchain to reduce build time. Using the external toolchains is simply a - case of untarring the tarball into the root of your system (it only creates files in - <code class="filename">/usr/local/poky</code>) and then enabling the option - in <code class="filename">local.conf</code>. - </p></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="intro-getit-dev"></a>5.3. Development Checkouts</h3></div></div></div><p> - Poky is available from our SVN repository located at - http://svn.o-hand.com/repos/poky/trunk; a web interface to the repository - can be accessed at <a href="http://svn.o-hand.com/view/poky/" target="_top">http://svn.o-hand.com/view/poky/</a>. - </p><p> - 'trunk' is where the deveopment work takes place and you should use this if you're - after to work with the latest cutting edge developments. It is possible trunk - can suffer temporary periods of instability while new features are developed and - if this is undesireable we recommend using one of the release branches. - </p></div></div></div><div class="chapter" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="usingpoky"></a>Chapter 2. Using Poky</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-components">1. Poky Overview</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-components-bitbake">1.1. Bitbake</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-components-metadata">1.2. Metadata (Recipes)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-components-classes">1.3. Classes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-components-configuration">1.4. Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-build">2. Running a Build</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-install">3. Installing and Using the Result</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-install-usbnetworking">3.1. USB Networking</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-install-qemu-networking">3.2. QEMU/USB networking with IP masquerading</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-debugging">4. Debugging Build Failures</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-debugging-taskfailures">4.1. Task Failures</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-debugging-taskrunning">4.2. Running specific tasks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-debugging-dependencies">4.3. Dependency Graphs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-debugging-bitbake">4.4. General Bitbake Problems</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-debugging-buildfile">4.5. Building with no dependencies</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-debugging-variables">4.6. Variables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#usingpoky-debugging-others">4.7. Other Tips</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><p> - This section gives an overview of the components that make up Poky - following by information about running poky builds and dealing with any - problems that may arise. - </p><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="usingpoky-components"></a>1. Poky Overview</h2></div></div></div><p> - At the core of Poky is the bitbake task executor together with various types of - configuration files. This section gives an overview of bitbake and the - configuration files, in particular what they are used for, and how they - interact. - </p><p> - Bitbake handles the parsing and execution of the data - files. The data itself is of various types; recipes which give - details about particular pieces of software, class data which is an - abstraction of common build information (e.g. how to build a Linux kernel) - and configuration data for machines, policy decisions, etc., which acts as - a glue and binds everything together. Bitbake knows how to combine multiple - data sources together, each data source being referred to as a <a href="#usingpoky-changes-collections" title="4.1. Bitbake Collections">'collection'</a>. - </p><p> - The <a href="#ref-structure" title="Appendix 1. Reference: Directory Structure">directory structure walkthrough</a> - section gives details on the meaning of specific directories but some - brief details on the core components follows: - </p><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="usingpoky-components-bitbake"></a>1.1. Bitbake</h3></div></div></div><p> - Bitbake is the tool at the heart of Poky and is responsible - for parsing the metadata, generating a list of tasks from it - and then executing them. To see a list of the options it - supports look at <span><strong class="command">bitbake --help</strong></span>. - </p><p> - The most common usage is <span><strong class="command">bitbake packagename</strong></span> where - packagename is the name of the package you wish to build - (from now on called the target). This often equates to the first part of a .bb - filename, so to run the <code class="filename">matchbox-desktop_1.2.3.bb</code> file, you - might type <span><strong class="command">bitbake matchbox-desktop</strong></span>. - Several different versions of matchbox-desktop might exist and - bitbake will choose the one selected by the distribution configuration - (more details about how bitbake chooses between different versions - and providers is available in the <a href="#ref-bitbake-providers" title="2. Preferences and Providers"> - 'Preferences and Providers' section</a>). Bitbake will also try to execute any - dependent tasks first so before building matchbox-desktop it - would build a cross compiler and glibc if not already built. - </p></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="usingpoky-components-metadata"></a>1.2. Metadata (Recipes)</h3></div></div></div><p> - The .bb files are usually referred to as 'recipes'. In general, a - recipe contains information about a single piece of software such - as where to download the source, any patches that are needed, - any special configuration options, how to compile the source files - and how to package the compiled output. - </p><p> - 'package' can also used to describe recipes but since the same - word is used for the packaged output from Poky (i.e. .ipk or .deb - files), this document will avoid it. - </p></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="usingpoky-components-classes"></a>1.3. Classes</h3></div></div></div><p> - Class (.bbclass) files contain information which is useful to share - between metadata files. An example is the autotools class which contains - the common settings that any application using autotools would use. The - <a href="#ref-classes" title="Appendix 3. Reference: Classes">classes reference section</a> gives details - on common classes and how to use them. - </p></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="usingpoky-components-configuration"></a>1.4. Configuration</h3></div></div></div><p> - The configuration (.conf) files define various configuration variables - which govern what Poky does. These are split into several areas, such - as machine configuration options, distribution configuration options, - compiler tuning options, general common configuration and user - configuration (local.conf). - </p></div></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="usingpoky-build"></a>2. Running a Build</h2></div></div></div><p> - First the Poky build environment needs to be setup using the following command: - </p><p> - </p><pre class="literallayout"> -$ source poky-init-build-env -</pre><p> - </p><p> - Once the Poky build environment is setup, a target can now be built using: - </p><p> - </p><pre class="literallayout"> -$ bitbake <target> -</pre><p> - </p><p> - The target is the name of the recipe you want to build. Common targets are the - images (in <code class="filename">meta/packages/images/</code>) - or the name of a recipe for a specific piece of software like - <span class="application">busybox</span>. More details about the standard images - are available in the <a href="#ref-images" title="Appendix 4. Reference: Images">image reference section</a>. - </p></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="usingpoky-install"></a>3. Installing and Using the Result</h2></div></div></div><p> - Once an image has been built it often needs to be installed. The images/kernels built - by Poky are placed in the <code class="filename">tmp/deploy/images</code> - directory. Running qemux86 and qemuarm images is covered in the <a href="#intro-quickstart-qemu" title="4.2. Downloading and Using Prebuilt Images">Running an Image</a> section. See your - board/machine documentation for information about how to install these images. - </p><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="usingpoky-install-usbnetworking"></a>3.1. USB Networking</h3></div></div></div><p> - Devices commonly have USB connectivity. To connect to the usbnet interface, on - the host machine run: - </p><p> - </p><pre class="programlisting"> -modprobe usbnet |