path: root/documentation/yocto-project-qs/yocto-project-qs.xml

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<article id='intro'>
   <imagedata fileref="figures/yocto-project-transp.png" width="6in" depth="1in" align="right" scale="25" />

<section id='fake-title'>
    <title>Yocto Project Quick Start</title>
</section>

<section id='welcome'>
    <title>Welcome!</title>
    <para>
        Welcome to the Yocto Project!  
        The Yocto Project (YP) is an open-source collaboration project focused on embedded Linux
        developers.
        Amongst other things, YP uses the Poky build tool to construct complete Linux images.
    </para>
    <para>
        This short document will give you some basic information about the environment as well 
        as let you experience it in its simplest form.  
        After reading this document you will have a basic understanding of what the Yocto Project is
        and how to use some of its core components.  
        This document steps you through a simple example showing you how to build a small image 
        and run it using the QEMU emulator.
    </para>
    <para>
        For complete information on the Yocto Project you should check out the 
        <ulink url='http://www.yoctoproject.org'>Yocto Project Website</ulink>.
        You can find the latest builds, breaking news, full development documentation, and a 
        rich Yocto Project Development Community into which you can tap.
    </para>
</section>

<section id='yp-intro'>
    <title>Introducing the Yocto Project Development Environment</title>
    <para>
        The Yocto Project through the Poky build tool provides an open source development 
        environment targeting the ARM, MIPS, PowerPC and x86 architectures for a variety of 
        platforms including x86-64 and emulated ones.
        You can use components from the the Yocto Project to design, develop, build, debug, simulate,
        and test the complete software stack using Linux, the X Window System, GNOME Mobile-based
        application frameworks, and Qt frameworks.
    </para>

    <para></para>
    <para></para>

    <mediaobject>
        <imageobject>
            <imagedata fileref="figures/yocto-environment.png" 
                format="PNG" align='center' scalefit='1' width="100%"/>
        </imageobject>
        <caption>
            <para>The Yocto Project Development Environment</para>
        </caption>
     </mediaobject>

    <para>
        Yocto Project:
    </para>

    <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
            <para>Provides a recent Linux kernel along with a set of system commands and libraries suitable for the embedded environment.</para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
            <para>Makes available system components such as X11, Matchbox, GTK+, Pimlico, Clutter,
            GuPNP and Qt (among others) so you can create a richer user interface experience on 
            devices that use displays or have a GUI.
            For devices that don't have a GUI or display you simply would not employ these 
            components.</para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
            <para>Creates a focused and stable core compatible with the OpenEmbedded 
            project with which you can easily and reliably build and develop.</para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
            <para>Fully supports a wide range of hardware and device emulation through the QEMU
            Emulator.</para>
        </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>
        Yocto Project can generate images for many kinds of devices.  
        However, the standard example machines target QEMU full system emulation for x86, ARM, MIPS,
        and PPC based architectures as well as specific hardware such as the Intel Desktop Board
        DH55TC.  
        Because an image developed with Yocto Project can boot inside a QEMU emulator, the 
        development environment works nicely as a test platform for developing embedded software.
    </para>

    <para>
        Another important Yocto Project feature is the Sato reference User Interface. 
        This optional GNOME mobile-based UI, which is intended for devices with
        resolution but restricted size screens, sits neatly on top of a device using the 
        GNOME Mobile Stack providing a well defined user experience. 
        Implemented in its own layer, it makes it clear to developers how they can implement 
        their own UIs on top of Yocto Linux.
    </para>
</section>

<section id='resources'>
    <title>What You Need and How You Get It</title>

    <para>
        You need these things to develop in the Yocto Project environment:
    </para>

    <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
            <para>A host system running a supported Linux distribution (i.e. recent releases of
                Fedora, OpenSUSE, Debian, and Ubuntu).</para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
            <para>The right packages.</para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
            <para>A release of Yocto Project.</para>
        </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <section id='the-linux-distro'>
        <title>The Linux Distribution</title>

        <para>
            This document assumes you are running a reasonably current Linux-based host system. 
            The examples work for both Debian-based and RPM-based distributions.
        </para>
    </section>

    <section id='packages'>
        <title>The Packages</title>

        <para>
            The packages you need for a Debian-based host are shown in the following command:
        </para>

            <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ sudo apt-get install sed wget cvs subversion git-core coreutils \
     unzip texi2html texinfo libsdl1.2-dev docbook-utils gawk \
     python-pysqlite2 diffstat help2man make gcc build-essential \
     g++ desktop-file-utils chrpath libgl1-mesa-dev libglu1-mesa-dev \
     mercurial
            </literallayout>

        <para>
            The packages you need for an RPM-based host like Fedora are shown in these commands:
        </para>

            <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ sudo yum groupinstall "development tools"
     $ sudo yum install python m4 make wget curl ftp hg tar bzip2 gzip \
     unzip python-psyco perl texinfo texi2html diffstat openjade \
     docbook-style-dsssl sed docbook-style-xsl docbook-dtds \
     docbook-utils sed bc glibc-devel ccache pcre pcre-devel quilt \
     groff linuxdoc-tools patch linuxdoc-tools cmake help2man \
     perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker tcl-devel gettext chrpath ncurses apr \
     SDL-devel mesa-libGL-devel mesa-libGLU-devel gnome-doc-utils
            </literallayout>
 
       <para>
            <emphasis>NOTE:</emphasis>  Packages vary in number and name for other Linux distributions.  
            The commands here should work.  We are interested, though, to learn what works for you.
            You can find more information for package requirements on common Linux distributions 
            at <ulink url="http://wiki.openembedded.net/index.php/OEandYourDistro"></ulink>.
            However, you should be careful when using this information as the information applies
            to old Linux distributions that are known to not work with a current Poky install.
        </para>
    </section>

    <section id='releases'>
        <title>Yocto Project Release</title>
            
        <para>
            The latest release images for the Yocto Project are kept at 
            <ulink url="http://yoctoproject.org/downloads/yocto-0.9/"></ulink>.
            Nightly and developmental builds are also maintained.  However, for this 
            document a released version of Yocto Project is used.
        </para>
    </section>
</section>

<section id='test-run'>
    <title>A Quick Test Run</title>

    <para>
        Now that you have your system requirements in order you can give Yocto Project a try.  
        This section presents some steps that let you do the following:
    </para>

    <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
            <para>Build an image and run it in the emulator</para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
            <para>Or, use a pre-built image and run it in the emulator</para>
        </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <section id='building-image'>
        <title>Building an Image</title>
 
        <para>
            In the development environment you will need to build an image whenever you change hardware support, add or change system libraries, or add or change services that have dependencies.
        </para>

        <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
                <imagedata fileref="figures/building-an-image.png" format="PNG" align='center' scalefit='1'/>
            </imageobject>
            <caption>
                <para>Building an Image</para>
            </caption>
         </mediaobject>

         <para>
             Use the following commands from a shell on your Debian-based host to build your image.  
             The build creates an entire Linux system including the Toolchain from the source.
         </para>

         <para><emphasis>NOTE:</emphasis>  The build process using Sato currently consumes 
             50GB of disk space.
             To allow for variations in the build process and for future package expansion we 
             recommend 100GB of free disk space.
         </para>

         <para>
             <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ wget http://www.yoctoproject.org/downloads/poky/poky-laverne-4.0.tar.bz2
     $ tar xjf poky-laverne-4.0.tar.bz2
     $ source poky-laverne-4.0/poky-init-build-env poky-4.0-build
             </literallayout>
         </para>
         <itemizedlist>
             <listitem><para>The first two commands extract the Yocto Project files from the 
             release area and place them into a subdirectory of your current directory 
             (<command>poky-4.0-build</command> in this example).</para></listitem>
             <listitem><para>The <command>$ source</command> command creates the directory and places 
             you there.  
             The build directory contains all the object files used during the build.   
             The default build directory is <command>poky-4.0-build</command>.  
             Note that you can change the target architecture by editing the 
             <command>&lt;build_directory&gt;/conf/local.conf</command> file. 
             By default the target architecture is qemux86.</para></listitem>
         </itemizedlist>
         <para>
             Now might be a good time to edit the <command>conf/local.conf</command>
             file.  
             The defaults should all be fine.  However, you might want to look at the variables
             BB_NUMBER_THREADS and PARALLEL_MAKE.
             By default, these variables are commented out.
         </para>
         <para>
             Continue with the following command to build the OS image for the target, which is 
             poky-image-sato in this example.
             <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ bitbake poky-image-sato
             </literallayout>
             <emphasis>NOTE:</emphasis>  If you are running Fedora 14 or another distribution 
             with GNU make 3.82 you might have to run the following two 
             <command>$bitbake</command> commands instead:
             <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ bitbake make-native
     $ bitbake poky-image-sato
             </literallayout>
             The final command runs the image:
             <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ poky-qemu qemux86
             </literallayout>
             The build process could take several hours the first time you run it. 
             Depending on the number of processors and cores, the amount or RAM, the speed of your
             internet connection and other factors.
             After the initial build, subsequent builds run much faster.
         </para>
    </section>

    <section id='using-pre-built'>
        <title>Using Pre-Built Binaries and QEMU</title>
        <para>
            If hardware, libraries and services are stable you can use a pre-built binary of the image, kernel and toolchain and just run it on the target using the emulator QEMU.  
            This situation is perfect for developing application software.
        </para>

        <para></para>
        <para></para>
        <para></para>

        <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
            <imagedata fileref="figures/using-a-pre-built-image.png" format="PNG" align='center' scalefit='1'/>
            </imageobject>
            <caption>
                <para>Using a Pre-Built Image</para>
            </caption>
         </mediaobject>

         <para>
             For this scenario you need to do three things:
         </para>

         <itemizedlist>
             <listitem>
                 <para>
                     Install the standalone Yocto toolchain tarball
                 </para>
             </listitem>
             <listitem>
                 <para>
                     Download the pre-built kernel that will run on QEMU.  
                     You need to be sure to get the QEMU image that matches your target machine’s architecture (e.g. x86, ARM, etc.).
                 </para>
             </listitem>
             <listitem>
                 <para>
                     Download and decompress the file image system.
                 </para>
             </listitem>
         </itemizedlist>

         <para>
             You can download the pre-built toolchain which includes the poky-qemu script and support files from <ulink url='http://yoctoproject.org/downloads/yocto-0.9/toolchain/'></ulink>.  These are available for i586 (32-bit) and x86_64 (64 bit) host machines, targeting each of the 5 supported target architectures. The tarballs are self contained and install into /opt/poky.
             Use these commands to install the toolchain tarball (taking the 64 bit host, 32 bit i586 target as an example):
         </para>

         <para>
             <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ cd /
     $ sudo tar -xvjf yocto-eglibc-x86_64-i586-toolchain-sdk-0.9.tar.bz2
             </literallayout>
         </para>

         <para>
             You can download the pre-built Linux kernel and the file image system from <ulink url='http://yoctoproject.org/downloads/yocto-0.9/'></ulink>.  
             The kernel and file image system have the following forms, respectively:
         </para>

          <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     *zImage*qemu*.bin
     poky-image-*-qemu*.ext2.bz2
          </literallayout>

         <para>
             You must decompress the file image system using the following command:
         </para>

         <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ bzip2 -d
         </literallayout>

         <para>
             You can now start the emulator using these commands (assuming an 32 bit i586 target):
         </para>

         <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ source /opt/poky/environment-setup-i586-poky-linux 
     $ poky-qemu &lt;<emphasis>qemuarch</emphasis>&gt; &lt;<emphasis>kernel</emphasis>&gt; &lt;<emphasis>image</emphasis>&gt; &lt;<emphasis>fstype</emphasis>&gt;
         </literallayout>
         <para>
             For example:
         </para>
         <literallayout class='monospaced'>
     $ poky-qemu qemuppc zImage-2.6.34-qemuppc-0.9 \
     yocto-image-minimal-qemuppc-0.9.rootfs.ext3 ext3
         </literallayout>
         
    </section>
</section>

</article>
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