#!/bin/sh # turnup # See the help block at the end for documentation. # . /etc/default/functions # # configuration # The following variables control which directories in /var end # up on the rootfs and which end up in a temporary file system. INRAM_MEMSTICK="\ ### SlugOS from-memory-stick boot. d root root 0755 /var/backups none d root root 0755 /var/volatile/cache none l root root 0755 /var/cache /var/volatile/cache d root root 0755 /var/lib none d root root 2755 /var/local none d root root 1777 /var/volatile/lock none l root root 1777 /var/lock /var/volatile/lock d root root 0755 /var/volatile/log none l root root 0755 /var/log /var/volatile/log d root root 0755 /var/volatile/run none l root root 0755 /var/run /var/volatile/run d root root 0755 /var/spool none d root root 1777 /var/volatile/tmp none l root root 1777 /var/tmp /var/volatile/tmp d root root 0755 /var/lock/subsys none d root root 0755 /var/lib/dropbear none d root root 0755 /var/lib/misc none f root root 0664 /var/log/wtmp none f root root 0664 /var/log/lastlog none f root root 0664 /var/run/utmp none" INRAM_NFS="\ ### SlugOS from-NFS boot. d root root 0755 /var/backups none d root root 0755 /var/volatile/cache none l root root 0755 /var/cache /var/volatile/cache d root root 0755 /var/lib none d root root 2755 /var/local none d root root 1777 /var/volatile/lock none l root root 1777 /var/lock /var/volatile/lock d root root 0755 /var/log none d root root 0755 /var/volatile/run none l root root 0755 /var/run /var/volatile/run d root root 0755 /var/spool none d root root 1777 /var/volatile/tmp none l root root 1777 /var/tmp /var/volatile/tmp d root root 0755 /var/lock/subsys none d root root 0755 /var/lib/dropbear none d root root 0755 /var/lib/misc none d root root 0755 /var/lib/ipkg none f root root 0664 /var/log/wtmp none f root root 0664 /var/log/lastlog none f root root 0664 /var/run/utmp none" INRAM_DISK="\ ### SlugOS from-disk boot. d root root 0755 /var/backups none d root root 0755 /var/cache none d root root 0755 /var/lib none d root root 2755 /var/local none d root root 1777 /var/lock none d root root 0755 /var/log none d root root 0755 /var/run none d root root 0755 /var/spool none d root root 1777 /var/tmp none d root root 0755 /var/lock/subsys none d root root 0755 /var/lib/dropbear none d root root 0755 /var/lib/misc none d root root 0755 /var/lib/ipkg none f root root 0664 /var/log/wtmp none f root root 0664 /var/log/lastlog none f root root 0664 /var/run/utmp none" INRAM_HEADER="\ # This configuration file lists filesystem objects that should get verified # during startup and be created if missing. # # Every line must either be a comment starting with # # or a definition of format: # <type> <owner> <group> <mode> <path> <linksource> # where the items are separated by whitespace ! # # <type> : d|f|l : (d)irectory|(f)ile|(l)ink # # A linking example: # l root root 0777 /var/test /tmp/testfile # f root root 0644 /var/test none # # Understanding links: # When populate-volatile is to verify/create a directory or file, it will first # check it's existence. If a link is found to exist in the place of the target, # the path of the target is replaced with the target the link points to. # Thus, if a link is in the place to be verified, the object will be created # in the place the link points to instead. # This explains the order of \"link before object\" as in the example above, where # a link will be created at /var/test pointing to /tmp/testfile and due to this # link the file defined as /var/test will actually be created as /tmp/testfile. #" # # force: override certain checks force= # # pfile: the uuid/partition file pfile=/etc/uuid_by_partition # # fstype new # The type of the file system mounted on "new" Outputs the last # piece of information found, which should be the one for the # currently visible mount! fstype() { local cwd dev mp type options pass freq result cwd="$(cd "$1"; /bin/pwd)" result= while read dev mp type options pass freq do case "$mp" in "$cwd") result="$type";; esac done </proc/mounts echo "$result" } # # fsoptions arguments # Collapses the mount (-o) options into a single list which is # printed on stdout. Accepts an arbitrary list of options and # just joins them together. fsoptions() { local options options= while test $# -gt 1 do case "$1" in -t) shift;; -o) if test -n "$2" then if test -n "$options" then options="$options,$2" else options="$2" fi fi shift;; esac shift done if test -n "$options" then echo "$options" else echo defaults fi } # # get_flash <directory> {mount options} # mount the flash device, writeable, on the given directory get_flash() { local ffsdir ffspart ffsdev ffsdir="$1" shift test -n "$ffsdir" -a -d "$ffsdir" || { echo "$0: $ffsdir: internal error, flash mount point not a directory" >&2 return 1 } case "$(machine)" in nslu2) ffspart="Flashdisk";; *) ffspart="filesystem";; esac ffsdev="$(mtblockdev $ffspart)" [ -n "$ffsdev" ] || \ ffsdev="$(mtblockdev rootfs)" umountflash "$ffsdev" && mountflash "$ffsdev" "$ffsdir" "$@" } # # check_rootfs [-i] <root fs directory> # Make sure the candidate rootfs is empty # Environment: rootdev=device or NFS root path check_rootfs() { local fcount case "$1" in -i) shift case "$force" in -f) return 0;; esac fcount="$(find "$1" ! -type d -print | wc -l)" test "$fcount" -eq 0 && return 0 echo "turnup: $rootdev: partition contains existing files, specify -f to overwrite" >&2 return 1;; *) checkmount "$1" && return 0 echo "turnup: $rootdev: partition does not seem to be a valid root partition" >&2 echo " The partition must contain a full operating system. To ensure that" >&2 echo " this is the case it is checked for the following, all of which must" >&2 echo " exist for the bootstrap to work:" >&2 echo echo " 1) A directory /mnt." >&2 echo " 2) A command line interpreter program in /bin/sh." >&2 echo " 3) The program chroot in /sbin or /usr/sbin." >&2 echo " 4) The program init in /sbin, /etc or /bin." >&2 echo echo " One or more of these items is missing. Mount $rootdev on /mnt" >&2 echo " and examine its contents. You can use turnup disk|nfs -i -f" >&2 echo " to copy this operating system onto the disk, but it may overwrite" >&2 echo " files on the disk." >&2 return 1;; esac } # # copy_rootfs old new # Make a copy of the given root file system, copying only the # directories needed. The root must be the flash file system copy_rootfs() { local old new old="$1" new="$2" test -d "$old" -a -d "$new" || { echo "turnup: rootfs: copy $old $new: not a directory" >&2 return 1 } # # There are no problem file names in the flash file system, so # it is possible to use -print, not -print0. The following # files and directories are not copied: # # /dev/* # /boot, /boot/* # /linuxrc* # /var/* echo "turnup: copying root file system" >&2 ( cd "$1" find . -xdev -print | sed '\@^./dev/@d;\@^./boot/@d;\@^./boot$@d;\@^./linuxrc@d;\@^./var/@d' | cpio -p -d -m -u "$2" ) || { echo "turnup: rootfs: cpio $old $new failed" >&2 return 1 } echo "done" >&2 } # # setup_dev new device_table # In flash file systems /dev is in ramfs, in disk systems /dev # can be populated permanently. This is done by creating a # single entry '.noram' in /dev - the devices init script will # then populate the directory without overmounting it. The # devices in the passed in device table are also created, but # note that this is insufficient, /etc/init.d/devices must # also run. setup_dev() { test -n "$1" -a -d "$1"/dev -a -r "$2" || { echo "turnup: setup_dev($1,$2): expected a directory and a file" >&2 return 1 } echo "turnup: initialising dev file system" >&2 # init tries to open the following devices: # /dev/console # /dev/tty0 # /dev/null # syslog, and maybe other things, only work if fd 1 is valid, therefore # we must create these devices here... makedevs --root="$1" --devtable="$2" :>"$1"/dev/.noram return 0 } # # setup_bootdev new device_table # As above but actually uses the supplied device table - this is possible if # the table is just used for boot because the extra setup is not required. setup_bootdev() { test -n "$1" -a -d "$1"/dev -a -r "$2" || { echo "turnup: setup_bootdev($1,$2): expected a directory and a file" >&2 return 1 } # NOTE: this fails silently with 0 return code(!) when a directory # does not exist yet things are created within it. makedevs -r "$1" -D "$2" } # # setup_var new type # Populates /var. # Removes the /var tmpfs entry from /etc/fstab. # Creates links from /var into /media/ram for NFS and Memstick. setup_var() { test -n "$1" -a -d "$1"/var || { echo "turnup: setup_var($1,$2): expected a directory" >&2 return 1 } case "$2" in disk|nfs|memstick);; *) echo "turnup: setup_var($1,$2): expected 'disk', 'nfs' or 'memstick'" >&2 return 1;; esac # populate /var. We just need to create the /var/volatile mount # point, the populate-volatile script does the work at boot time. echo "turnup: ensuring /var/volatile mountpoint exists" test -d "$1"/var/volatile || mkdir "$1"/var/volatile # we need to put in place the correct configuration file for # the populate-volatile script to use at boot time. The config # file is already in place for the flash boot, and it's the same # file for the ram boot. case "$2" in disk) echo "$INRAM_HEADER" > "$1"/etc/default/volatiles/00_core echo "$INRAM_DISK" >>"$1"/etc/default/volatiles/00_core;; nfs) echo "$INRAM_HEADER" > "$1"/etc/default/volatiles/00_core echo "$INRAM_NFS" >>"$1"/etc/default/volatiles/00_core;; memstick) echo "$INRAM_HEADER" > "$1"/etc/default/volatiles/00_core echo "$INRAM_MEMSTICK" >>"$1"/etc/default/volatiles/00_core;; esac # remove the /var tmpfs entry from the new /etc/fstab, if it is # present in the first place. sed -i '\@[ ]/var[ ][ ]*tmpfs[ ]@d' "$1"/etc/fstab echo "turnup: ensuring tmpfs will not be mounted on /var" >&2 # return 0 } # # setup_syslog new # Moves the syslog to a file - appropriate for disk and nfs types, not # otherwise. setup_syslog() { test -n "$1" -a -d "$1"/etc || { echo "turnup: setup_syslog($1): expected a directory" >&2 return 1 } # # if the syslog is to the buffer redirect it to a file if egrep -q '^DESTINATION="buffer"' "$1"/etc/syslog.conf then if cp "$1"/etc/syslog.conf "$1"/etc/syslog.conf.sav then # the busybox syslog will fail with ROTATESIZE and ROTATEGENS sed -i 's!DESTINATION="buffer"!DESTINATION="file"! /^ROTATESIZE=/d /^ROTATEGENS=/d' "$1"/etc/syslog.conf echo "turnup: /etc/syslog.conf: changed to file buffering" >&2 echo " Old (buffer) version in /etc/syslog.conf.sav" >&2 echo " Log messages will be in /var/log/messages" >&2 else echo "turnup: /etc/syslog.conf: failed to make a copy" >&2 echo " syslog will log to a buffer" >&2 fi fi return 0 } # # setup_rootfs type new device_table # Populates the /dev and /var directories, alters the startup to # not mount or populate them further. Does the right thing according # to the given $type setup_rootfs() { local type new table type="$1" new="$2" table="$3" test -n "$new" -a -d "$new" -a -f "$table" || { echo "turnup: setup_rootfs($type,$new,$table): expected a directory and a file" >&2 return 1 } case "$type" in flash) return 0;; disk) setup_dev "$new" "$table" && setup_var "$new" "$type" && setup_syslog "$new";; memstick) setup_bootdev "$new" "$table" && setup_var "$new" "$type" ;; nfs) setup_dev "$new" "$table" && setup_var "$new" "$type" && setup_syslog "$new";; *) echo "turnup: setup_rootfs: $type: unknown rootfs type" >&2 return 1;; esac # return code of last setup function } # # setup_fstab new fsdev fstype fsoptions # Alters the /etc/fstab entry for / to refer to the correct device and # have the correct type and options. Essential for checkroot to remount # / with the correct options. Writes the initial uuid file. # bad, since sed won't fail even if it changes nothing. setup_fstab() { sed -i '\@^[^ ]*[ ][ ]*/[ ]@s@^.*$@'"$2 / $3 $4 1 1"'@' "$1"/etc/fstab egrep -q "^$2 / $3 $4 1 1\$" "$1"/etc/fstab || { echo "turnup: /etc/fstab: root(/) entry not changed" >&2 echo " you probably need to check the options in /etc/fstab" >&2 echo " to ensure that the root partition is mounted correctly" >&2 return 1 } # # build $pfile uuid_by_partition >"$1""$pfile" || echo "turnup: $pfile: blkid failed (ignored)" >&2 return 0 } # # boot_rootfs <boot type> <flash file system> <sleep time> (<device> <uuid>|<nfsroot>) [options] # Change the flash partition (not the current root!) to boot off # the new root file system boot_rootfs() { local type ffs sleep device uuid opt type="$1" ffs="$2" sleep="$3" device="$4" uuid= # test this first as the test does not depend on the correctness # of the other arguments test -n "$ffs" -a -d "$ffs" || { echo "turnup: boot_rootfs($type, $ffs, $device): expected directory" >&2 return 1 } test -x "$ffs"/boot/"$type" || { echo "turnup: boot_rootfs($type, $ffs, $device): invalid boot type $type" >&2 return 1 } shift shift case "$type" in disk) test -n "$device" -a -b "$device" || { echo "turnup: boot_rootfs($ffs, $type, $device): expected block device" >&2 return 1 } uuid="$3" shift 3;; nfs) shift 2;; flash) ;; ram) ;; *) echo "turnup: boot_rootfs($type, $ffs, $device): unknown type" >&2 return 1;; esac # # The /linuxrc records the correct options to mount the device, # since we have already mounted if correctly with these options # we can be sure (maybe) that the boot will work. If not /boot/disk # falls back to flash. # # This modifies the boot process, until this point no harm has been # done to the system, but at this point the boot rootfs will change rm -f "$ffs"/linuxrc.new || { echo "turnup: boot_rootfs: failed to remove $ffs/linuxrc.new" >&2 return 1 } case "$type" in flash) ln -s "boot/flash" "$ffs"/linuxrc.new || { echo "turnup: boot_rootfs: failed to create $ffs/linuxrc.new" >&2 return 1 };; ram) { echo '#!/bin/sh' echo 'leds beep' echo 'rm -f /linuxrc.new' echo 'ln -s boot/flash /linuxrc.new' echo 'mv /linuxrc.new /linuxrc' echo 'exec /boot/ram /dev/ram0' echo 'exec /boot/flash' } >"$ffs"/linuxrc.new && chmod 744 "$ffs"/linuxrc.new || { echo "turnup: boot_rootfs: failed to write $ffs/linuxrc.new" >&2 return 1 };; *) { echo '#!/bin/sh' # echo 'modprobe ehci-hcd' # echo 'modprobe ohci-hcd' # echo 'modprobe sd_mod' # echo 'modprobe usb-storage' # echo 'modprobe ext3' # echo 'sleep 5' echo 'leds beep' test "$sleep" -gt 0 && echo -n "sleep='$sleep' " test -n "$uuid" && echo -n "UUID='$uuid' " echo -n "exec '/boot/$type' '$device'" for opt in "$@" do echo -n " '$opt'" done echo echo 'exec /boot/flash' } >"$ffs"/linuxrc.new && chmod 744 "$ffs"/linuxrc.new || { echo "turnup: boot_rootfs: failed to write $ffs/linuxrc.new" >&2 return 1 };; esac rm -f "$ffs"/linuxrc.sav || { echo "turnup: boot_rootfs: failed to remove $ffs/linuxrc.sav" >&2 return 1 } ln "$ffs"/linuxrc "$ffs"/linuxrc.sav || { echo "turnup: boot_rootfs: failed to save /linuxrc.sav" >&2 return 1 } mv -f "$ffs"/linuxrc.new "$ffs"/linuxrc || { echo "turnup: boot_rootfs: failed to install new /linuxrc" >&2 return 1 } return 0 } # # disk [-m] [-i] [-s<time>] <device> {options} # Carefully copy the flash file system to the named device. disk() { local setup_type sleep init device uuid new ffs fst fso setup_type=disk sleep=10 init= while test $# -gt 0 do case "$1" in -f) force="$1" shift;; -m) setup_type=memstick shift;; -i) init="$1" shift;; -s*) sleep="${1#-s}" sleep="${sleep:-10}" shift;; *) break;; esac done device="$1" test -n "$device" -a -b "$device" || { echo "turnup disk: $device: block device required" >&2 return 1 } shift # find the uuid if available uuid="$(blkid -c /dev/null -s UUID -o value "$device")" # make temporary directories for the mount points new="/tmp/rootfs.$$" ffs="/tmp/flashdisk.$$" mkdir "$new" "$ffs" || { echo "turnup: disk: failed to create temporary directories" >&2 return 1 } # make sure we can get to the flash file system first get_flash "$ffs" || { rmdir "$new" "$ffs" return 1 } # Now mount the device with the given options, note that specifying # read only is *not* an option, this is important because the boot/disk # script needs a rw file system status=1 fst= fso="$(fsoptions "$@")" if if test -n "$uuid" then mount "$@" -U "$uuid" "$new" else mount "$@" "$device" "$new" fi then fst="$(fstype "$new")" umount "$new" || echo "turnup disk: $device($new): umount does not seem to work" >&2 fi if test -n "$fst" && if test -n "$uuid" then mount -t "$fst" -o "$fso" -U "$uuid" "$new" else mount -t "$fst" -o "$fso" "$device" "$new" fi then if rootdev="$device" check_rootfs $init "$new" && { test -z "$init" || { copy_rootfs "$ffs" "$new" && setup_rootfs "$setup_type" "$new" "$ffs"/etc/device_table } } then setup_fstab "$new" "$device" "$fst" "$fso" status=0 fi # clean up the disk. It is worrying if this umount fails! umount "$new" || test "$force" = "-f" || { echo "turnup disk: $device: umount failed" >&2 echo " you must unmount this device cleanly yourself, then use" >&2 if test -z "$init" then echo " turnup with the -f option to boot from the device" >&2 else echo " turnup without the -i option to boot from the device" >&2 fi status=1 } # if everything went ok boot from this disk if test $status -eq 0 then # memsticks boot like disks, so ignore the -m boot_rootfs disk "$ffs" "$sleep" "$device" "$uuid" -t "$fst" -o "$fso" fi else echo "turnup disk: $device($*): unable to mount device on $new" >&2 # If it worked first time if test -n "$fst" then echo " options used: -t $fst -o $fso [error in this script]" >&2 test -n "$uuid" && echo " uuid: $uuid (passed with -U)" >&2 fi fi # clean up the flash file system umount "$ffs" rmdir "$new" "$ffs" return $status } # # boot_reset <type> # Resets the boot type to flash or ram, as appropriate boot_reset() { local ffs typ status case "$1" in flash|ram)type="$1" shift;; *) echo "turnup: boot_reset($1): invalid type" >&2 return 1;; esac ffs="/tmp/flashdisk.$$" mkdir "$ffs" || { echo "turnup: $1: failed to create temporary directory" >&2 return 1 } get_flash "$ffs" || { rmdir "$ffs" return 1 } # now try to set the /linuxrc appropriately boot_rootfs "$type" "$ffs" status=$? # clean up umount "$ffs" rmdir "$ffs" return $status } # # nfs [-i] <root partition> {options} # Copy the flash file system to the given NFS root partition. nfs() { local init nfsroot new ffs init= while test $# -gt 0 do case "$1" in -i) init="$1" shift;; -f) force="$1" shift;; *) break;; esac done nfsroot="$1" test -n "$nfsroot" || { echo "turnup nfs: $nfsroot: NFS root file system required" >&2 return 1 } shift # make temporary directories for the mount points new="/tmp/rootfs.$$" ffs="/tmp/flashdisk.$$" mkdir "$new" "$ffs" || { echo "turnup nfs: failed to create temporary directories" >&2 return 1 } # make sure we can get to the flash file system first get_flash "$ffs" || { rmdir "$new" "$ffs" return 1 } # Now mount the device with the given options, note that specifying # read only is *not* an option, this is important because the boot/disk # script needs a rw file system status=1 fst= # These settings for for NFS, something better will probably have to # be done to support other network file systems. nfsopt="nolock,noatime,hard,intr,rsize=1024,wsize=1024" fso="$(fsoptions -o "$nfsopt" "$@")" if mount -o "$nfsopt" "$@" "$nfsroot" "$new" then fst="$(fstype "$new")" umount "$new" || echo "turnup nfs: $nfsroot($new): umount does not seem to work" >&2 fi if test -n "$fst" && mount -t "$fst" -o "$fso" "$nfsroot" "$new" then if :>"$new"/ttt && test -O "$new"/ttt && rm "$new"/ttt then if rootdev="$nfsroot" check_rootfs $init "$new" && { test -z "$init" || { copy_rootfs "$ffs" "$new" && setup_rootfs nfs "$new" "$ffs"/etc/device_table } } then setup_fstab "$new" "$nfsroot" "$fst" "$fso" status=0 fi else echo "turnup nfs: $nfsroot: partition must be exported no_root_squash" >&2 fi # clean up the disk. It is worrying if this umount fails! umount "$new" || test "$force" = "-f" || { echo "turnup nfs: $nfsroot: umount failed" >&2 if test $status -eq 0 then echo " you must unmount this partition cleanly yourself, then use" >&2 if test -z "$init" then echo " turnup with the -f option to boot from the NFS root" >&2 else echo " turnup without the -i option to boot from the NFS root" >&2 fi status=1 fi } # if everything went ok boot from this disk if test $status -eq 0 then # the options used are exactly those which worked before. boot_rootfs nfs "$ffs" 0 "$nfsroot" -t nfs -o "$fso" fi else echo "turnup nfs: $nfsroot($*): unable to mount device on $new" >&2 # If it worked first time if test -n "$fst" then echo " options obtained: -t $fst -o $fso" >&2 fi fi # clean up the flash file system umount "$ffs" rmdir "$new" "$ffs" return $status } # # read_one 'prompt' 'group' 'name' # read a single value read_one() { local n o o="$(sysval "$2" "$3")" echo -n "$1 [$o]: " >/dev/tty read n </dev/tty test -z "$n" && n="$o" eval "$3='$n'" } # # init_network # Change the network initialisation init_network() { # fix the root password echo "Please enter a new password for 'root'." >/dev/tty echo "The password must be non-empty for ssh login to succeed!" >/dev/tty passwd # now the network configuration read_one "Host name" network disk_server_name read_one "Domain name" network w_d_name read_one "Boot protocol (dhcp|static)" network bootproto case "$bootproto" in static) read_one "IP address" network ip_addr read_one "IP netmask" network netmask read_one "IP gateway" network gateway read_one "First DNS server" network dns_server1 read_one "Second DNS server" network dns_server2 read_one "Third DNS server" network dns_server3 echo "$ip_addr $disk_server_name" >> /etc/hosts ;; dhcp) sed -i -e "s/localhost\$/localhost $disk_server_name/" /etc/hosts ;; *) bootproto=dhcp;; esac # # The other stuff which cannot be changed hw_addr="$(config mac)" lan_interface="$(config iface)" # # Write this out to a new sysconf { echo "[network]" echo "hw_addr=$hw_addr" echo "lan_interface=$lan_interface" test -n "$disk_server_name" && echo "disk_server_name=$disk_server_name" test -n "$w_d_name" && echo "w_d_name=$w_d_name" echo "bootproto=$bootproto" case "$bootproto" in static) echo "ip_addr=$ip_addr" test -n "$netmask" && echo "netmask=$netmask" test -n "$gateway" && echo "gateway=$gateway" test -n "$dns_server1" && echo "dns_server1=$dns_server1" test -n "$dns_server2" && echo "dns_server2=$dns_server2" test -n "$dns_server3" && echo "dns_server3=$dns_server3" ;; esac } >/etc/default/sysconf # # And reload the result sysconf reload # # The remove the spurious 'init' motd rm /etc/motd } # # Basic command switch (this should be the only thing in this # script which actually does anything!) case "$1" in init) shift if init_network "$@" then echo "turnup init: you must reboot for the changes to take effect" >&2 echo " You may want to run 'turnup preserve' to save these settings," >&2 echo " after making any additional configuration changes which you" >&2 echo " require." >&2 else exit 1 fi;; disk) shift disk "$@";; memstick) shift disk -m "$@" -o noatime;; nfs) shift nfs "$@";; flash) boot_reset flash;; ram) boot_reset ram;; preserve) shift sysconf save "$@";; restore) shift sysconf restore "$@";; *) echo "\ usage: turnup command [options] commands: help output this help init correct errors in network information initialise network information when DHCP is not available change network information disk [-i] [-s<seconds>] <device>|<uuid> [mount options] With -i make <device> a bootable file system then (with or without -i) arrange for the next reboot to use that device. The device must already be formatted as a file system, with -i it must be completely empty, without it must contain an apparently bootable file system. -s (for example -s5) specifies a delay in seconds to wait at boot time before mounting the device. memstick [-i] <device>|<uuid> [mount options] Behaves as disk however options appropriate to a flash memory stick are automatically added nfs [-i] <nfs mount path> [mount options] <nfs mount path> must be a mountable NFS file system. With -i the partition must be empty and is initialised with a bootable file system. Without -i the partition must already contain a bootable file system. In either case the NFS partition must be available to be mounted without root id sqashing (i.e. root must be root) and it will be selected as the root file system for subsequent reboots. A default set of -o options are provided, additional options may be given on the command line (multiple -o options will be combined into a single -o). flash Revert to booting from the flash disk on next reboot. ram Boot (once) into a ramdisk, subsequent boots will be to the flash file system. preserve Save the system configuration to the SysConf partition, you will need to create the SysConf partition from the boot loader before using this if SysConf does not already exist. This just runs 'sysconf save'. restore Restore a previously saved system configuration. This just runs 'sysconf restore'. disk formatting: The argument to 'nfs' or 'disk' must be an empty partition of sufficient size to hold the root file system (at least 16MByte but more is recommended to allow package installation). An appropriate ext3 partition can be made using the command: mke2fs -j <device> # for example: /dev/sda1 An appropriate NFS partition can be emptied using 'rm', but must be set up (exported) on the NFS server." >&2 exit 0;; esac # Exit with return code from command.