From 709c4d66e0b107ca606941b988bad717c0b45d9b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Denys Dmytriyenko Date: Tue, 17 Mar 2009 14:32:59 -0400 Subject: rename packages/ to recipes/ per earlier agreement See links below for more details: http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.handhelds.openembedded/21326 http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.handhelds.openembedded/21816 Signed-off-by: Denys Dmytriyenko Acked-by: Mike Westerhof Acked-by: Philip Balister Acked-by: Khem Raj Acked-by: Marcin Juszkiewicz Acked-by: Koen Kooi Acked-by: Frans Meulenbroeks --- .../nonworking/unison/unison-2.9.1/debian.patch | 10982 ------------------- packages/nonworking/unison/unison_2.9.1.bb | 6 - 2 files changed, 10988 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 packages/nonworking/unison/unison-2.9.1/debian.patch delete mode 100644 packages/nonworking/unison/unison_2.9.1.bb (limited to 'packages/nonworking/unison') diff --git a/packages/nonworking/unison/unison-2.9.1/debian.patch b/packages/nonworking/unison/unison-2.9.1/debian.patch deleted file mode 100644 index 4fd666e97e..0000000000 --- a/packages/nonworking/unison/unison-2.9.1/debian.patch +++ /dev/null @@ -1,10982 +0,0 @@ ---- unison-2.9.1.orig/uitext.ml -+++ unison-2.9.1/uitext.ml -@@ -297,7 +297,9 @@ - (ProceedImmediately, List.rev_append prev ril))); - (["q"], - ("exit " ^ Uutil.myName ^ " without propagating any changes"), -- fun () -> raise Sys.Break); -+ (fun () -> -+ newLine(); -+ raise Sys.Break)); - (["/"], - ("skip"), - (fun () -> ---- unison-2.9.1.orig/debian/unison.dirs -+++ unison-2.9.1/debian/unison.dirs -@@ -0,0 +1 @@ -+usr/bin ---- unison-2.9.1.orig/debian/README.Debian -+++ unison-2.9.1/debian/README.Debian -@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ -+Documentation for Unison is in the manual, which is available -+in HTML, PostScript and text formats in /usr/share/doc/unison. -+The same documentation can also be accessed over the command -+line, and you can list the available topics by executing -+'unison -doc topics'. Of particular interest for new users -+is the tutorial at 'unison -doc tutorial'. -+ -+The most common usage of this package is to use ssh to connect -+to the remote host via to synchronise files. The 'Install' -+section of the manual details how to set up ssh with a key -+file and authentication agent to avoid repeatedly entering -+passwords or pass-phrases. Assuming your key file remains -+private, this is a more secure authentication method than -+passwords. -+ -+The GTK+ interface for Unison is now available separately in -+the unison-gtk package. -+ -+ -- Robert McQueen Wed, 29 Aug 2001 21:18:29 +0100 ---- unison-2.9.1.orig/debian/unison.doc-base -+++ unison-2.9.1/debian/unison.doc-base -@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ -+Document: unison-manual -+Title: Unison Installation and Usage Manual -+Author: Benjamin Pierce -+Abstract: Unison is a file-synchronization tool for Unix and -+ Windows. It allows two replicas of a collection of files and -+ directories to be stored on different hosts (or different -+ disks on the same host), modified separately, and then brought -+ up to date by propagating the changes in each replica to the -+ other. This manual describes how to install and use Unison. -+Section: Apps/Tools -+ -+Format: postscript -+Files: /usr/share/doc/unison/unison-manual.ps.gz -+ -+Format: text -+Files: /usr/share/doc/unison/unison-manual.text.gz -+ -+Format: HTML -+Index: /usr/share/doc/unison/unison-manual.html -+Files: /usr/share/doc/unison/unison-manual.html ---- unison-2.9.1.orig/debian/changelog -+++ unison-2.9.1/debian/changelog -@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@ -+unison (2.9.1-1) unstable; urgency=medium -+ -+ * New upstream version. (closes: #142748) -+ * Medium urgency to make woody release. Rationale: -+ - upstream versions of unison are rarely, if ever, broken, and if -+ they are, are fixed within days. this release has had a week or -+ two to sweat it out. -+ - the previous version had problems on windows. seeing as -+ cross-platform compatibility is a major feature of unison, this -+ could cause long-term aggrivation for people hoping to sync their -+ woody box with their windows box. -+ - unison's protocol is version specific, and if I waited until sid -+ released to upload this new version, I'd have to provide an old -+ version in sid sooner than I'd have liked. -+ - it'd really annoy me if the version in woody wasn't the latest -+ when it released. =) -+ -+ -- Robert McQueen Wed, 24 Apr 2002 19:05:08 +0100 -+ -+unison (2.8.1-2) unstable; urgency=low -+ -+ * Moved to main. -+ -+ -- Robert McQueen Sat, 30 Mar 2002 04:13:46 +0000 -+ -+unison (2.8.1-1) unstable; urgency=low -+ -+ * New upstream version. (closes: #138576) -+ * Added menu entry for unison-gtk. (closes: #133039) -+ * Changed 'lablgtk, libgtk1.2-dev' build dep to 'liblablgtk-ocaml-dev'. -+ * Updated manpage for new/removed options. -+ -+ -- Robert McQueen Fri, 29 Mar 2002 19:22:33 +0000 -+ -+unison (2.7.7-1) unstable; urgency=medium -+ -+ * New upstream version. Fixes bugs in connecting and the client -+ startup sequence. -+ -+ -- Robert McQueen Sun, 23 Sep 2001 19:27:27 +0100 -+ -+unison (2.7.1-2) unstable; urgency=low -+ -+ * Added libgtk1.2-dev build dep, but this is really a bug in lablgtk. -+ * Optimised debian/rules to only call shell once to set a variable, and -+ use that instead of an elaborate (and fallible) if construct. -+ -+ -- Robert McQueen Thu, 30 Aug 2001 12:57:44 +0100 -+ -+unison (2.7.1-1) unstable; urgency=low -+ -+ * New upstream version. (closes: #106983) -+ * Moved package to non-US/main - it recommends ssh. (closes: #109406) -+ * Added the GTK interface version in a seperate unison-gtk package. -+ (closes: #105911) -+ * Added symlinks from unison-gtk's documentation and manpage to -+ unison's. -+ * Amended the manpage to detail the unison-gtk binary and changed -+ command line options. -+ * Install 'NEWS' file as upstream changelog, which it is, and remove -+ some extraneous docs. -+ -+ -- Robert McQueen Thu, 30 Aug 2001 01:21:14 +0100 -+ -+unison (2.6.11-2) unstable; urgency=low -+ -+ * Added newline before descriptions are returned. (closes: #86621) -+ * Fixed gratuitous debhelperism - version 3 is not required. -+ (closes: #97563) -+ -+ -- Robert McQueen Tue, 15 May 2001 20:36:43 +0100 -+ -+unison (2.6.11-1) unstable; urgency=low -+ -+ * New upstream version. -+ -+ -- Robert McQueen Mon, 30 Apr 2001 19:06:03 +0100 -+ -+unison (2.6.1-2) unstable; urgency=low -+ -+ * Fixed to take account of no native (ocamlopt) compiler on some archs. -+ * Minor debian/rules cleanups. -+ -+ -- Robert McQueen Thu, 28 Dec 2000 18:23:55 +0000 -+ -+unison (2.6.1-1) unstable; urgency=low -+ -+ * Package adopted by new Debian maintainer. (closes: #75968) -+ * New upstream version. (closes: #65601) -+ -+ -- Robert McQueen Fri, 10 Nov 2000 23:12:02 +0000 -+ -+unison (1.180-2) unstable; urgency=low -+ -+ * Changed the architecture field from all to any. -+ -+ -- Sven LUTHER Mon, 10 Jan 2000 19:50:16 +0100 -+ -+unison (1.180-1) unstable; urgency=low -+ -+ * Initial release. -+ -+ -- Sven LUTHER Tue, 21 Dec 1999 12:15:49 +0100 ---- unison-2.9.1.orig/debian/unison-gtk.dirs -+++ unison-2.9.1/debian/unison-gtk.dirs -@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ -+usr/bin -+usr/share/doc -+usr/share/man/man1 ---- unison-2.9.1.orig/debian/copyright -+++ unison-2.9.1/debian/copyright -@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ -+Unison was packaged for Debian -+by Robert McQueen -+on Fri, 10 Nov 2000 23:12:02 +0000. -+ -+It was downloaded from: -+ http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~bcpierce/unison/download/stable/ -+ -+Benjamin Pierce is the Unison project -+leader. -+ -+This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or -+modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as -+published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of -+the License, or (at your option) any later version. -+ -+This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, -+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of -+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the -+GNU General Public License for more details. -+ -+On Debian systems, the complete text of the GNU General Public -+License can be found in /usr/share/common-licenses/GPL file. ---- unison-2.9.1.orig/debian/unison.docs -+++ unison-2.9.1/debian/unison.docs -@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ -+BUGS.txt -+TODO.txt -+unison-manual.txt -+debian/unison-manual.html -+debian/unison-manual.ps ---- unison-2.9.1.orig/debian/unison.1 -+++ unison-2.9.1/debian/unison.1 -@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@ -+.\" Hey, EMACS: -*- nroff -*- -+.\" First parameter, NAME, should be all caps -+.\" Second parameter, SECTION, should be 1-8, maybe w/ subsection -+.\" other parameters are allowed: see man(7), man(1) -+.TH UNISON 1 "September 23, 2001" -+.\" Please adjust this date whenever revising the manpage. -+.\" -+.\" Some roff macros, for reference: -+.\" .nh disable hyphenation -+.\" .hy enable hyphenation -+.\" .ad l left justify -+.\" .ad b justify to both left and right margins -+.\" .nf disable filling -+.\" .fi enable filling -+.\" .br insert line break -+.\" .sp insert n+1 empty lines -+.\" for manpage-specific macros, see man(7) -+.SH NAME -+unison \- a file-synchronization tool for Unix and Windows -+.SH SYNOPSIS -+.B unison -+.RI [ options ] -+.br -+.B unison -+root1 root2 -+.RI [ options ] -+.br -+.B unison -+profilename -+.RI [ options ] -+.br -+.B unison-gtk -+.RI [ options ] -+.SH DESCRIPTION -+This manual page briefly documents Unison, and was written for the -+Debian GNU/Linux distribution because the original program does not -+have a manual page. For a full description, please refer to the -+inbuilt documentation or the manuals in /usr/share/doc/unison/. The -+unison-gtk binary has similar command-line options, but allows the user -+to select and create profiles and configure options from within the -+program. -+.PP -+Unison is a file-synchronization tool for Unix and Windows. It allows -+two replicas of a collection of files and directories to be stored on -+different hosts (or different disks on the same host), modified -+separately, and then brought up to date by propagating the changes in -+each replica to the other. -+.PP -+Unison offers several advantages over various synchronization methods -+such as CVS, Coda, rsync, Intellisync, etc. Unison can run on and -+synchronize between Windows and many UNIX platforms. Unison requires -+no root privileges, system access or kernel changes to function. Unison -+can synchronize changes to files and directories in both directions, -+on the same machine, or across a network using ssh or a direct -+socket connection. -+.PP -+Transfers are optimised using a version of the rsync protocol, making -+it ideal for slower links. Unison has a clear and precise specification, -+and is resilient to failure due to its careful handling of the replicas -+and its private structures. -+.SH OPTIONS -+All Unison options are long, starting with one dash (`-') only. -+A summary of options is included here. For a complete description, -+see the inbuilt documentation or the manuals in /usr/share/doc/unison/. -+.TP -+.B \-addprefsto -+specify a file to add new preferences to in interactive mode -+.TP -+.B \-addversionno -+add version number to name of unison executable on server -+.TP -+.B \-auto -+automatically accept default actions -+.TP -+.B \-backup xxx -+add a regexp to the backup list -+.TP -+.B \-backups -+keep backup copies of files (deprecated: use 'backup') -+.TP -+.B \-batch -+batch mode: ask no questions at all -+.TP -+.B \-contactquietly -+suppress the 'contacting server' message during startup -+.TP -+.B \-debug xxx -+debug module xxx ('all' -> everything, 'verbose' -> more) -+.TP -+.B \-doc xxx -+show documentation ('-doc topics' lists topics) -+.TP -+.B \-dumbtty -+do not try to change terminal settings in text UI -+.TP -+.B \-editor xxx -+command for displaying the output of the -merge program -+.TP -+.B \-fastcheck -+do fast (and slightly unsafe) update detection on windows -+.TP -+.B \-follow xxx -+add a regexp to the follow list -+.TP -+.B \-force xxx -+force changes from this replica to the other -+.TP -+.B \-group -+synchronize group -+.TP -+.B \-height n -+height (in lines) of main window in graphical interface -+.TP -+.B \-ignore xxx -+add a regexp to the ignore list -+.TP -+.B \-ignorecase -+ignore upper/lowercase spelling of filenames -+.TP -+.B \-ignorenot xxx -+add a regexp to the ignorenot list -+.TP -+.B \-killserver -+kill server when done (even when using sockets) -+.TP -+.B \-log -+record actions in file specified by logfile preference -+.TP -+.B \-logfile xxx -+log file name -+.TP -+.B \-maxbackups n -+number of backed up versions of a file to keep -+.TP -+.B \-merge xxx -+command for merging conflicting files -+.TP -+.B \-merge2 xxx -+command for merging files (when no common version exists) -+.TP -+.B \-numericids -+don't map uid/gid values by user/group names -+.TP -+.B \-owner -+synchronize owner -+.TP -+.B \-path xxx -+path to synchronize -+.TP -+.B \-perms n -+part of the permissions which is synchronized -+.TP -+.B \-prefer xxx -+choose this replica's version in case of conflict -+.TP -+.B \-root xxx -+root of a replica -+.TP -+.B \-rootalias xxx -+register alias for canonical root names -+.TP -+.B \-rshargs xxx -+other arguments (if any) for remote shell command -+.TP -+.B \-rshcmd xxx -+path to the rsh executable -+.TP -+.B \-servercmd xxx -+name of unison executable on remote server -+.TP -+.B \-silent -+print nothing (except error messages) -+.TP -+.B \-socket xxx -+act as a server on a socket -+.TP -+.B \-sortbysize -+list changed files by size, not name -+.TP -+.B \-sortfirst xxx -+add a regexp to the sortfirst list -+.TP -+.B \-sortlast xxx -+add a regexp to the sortlast list -+.TP -+.B \-sortnewfirst -+list new before changed files -+.TP -+.B \-sshcmd xxx -+path to the ssh executable -+.TP -+.B \-statusdepth n -+status display depth for local files -+.TP -+.B \-terse -+suppress status messages -+.TP -+.B \-testserver -+exit immediately after the connection to the server -+.TP -+.B \-times -+synchronize modification times -+.TP -+.B \-ui xxx -+select user interface ('text' or 'graphic') -+.TP -+.B \-version -+print version and exit -+.PP -+Some preferences are just boolean flags. Others take numeric or string -+arguments, indicated in the preferences list by n or xxx. Most of the -+string preferences can be given several times; the arguments are -+accumulated into a list internally. -+.SH SEE ALSO -+The program is documented fully in the in-built documentation and the -+manual, available as HTML, PostScript and text in /usr/share/doc/unison/. -+.SH AUTHOR -+This manual page was written by Robert McQueen , -+for the Debian GNU/Linux system (but may be used by others). ---- unison-2.9.1.orig/debian/control -+++ unison-2.9.1/debian/control -@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ -+Source: unison -+Section: net -+Priority: optional -+Maintainer: Robert McQueen -+Build-Depends: debhelper, ocaml (>= 3.00-1), liblablgtk-ocaml-dev -+Standards-Version: 3.5.6 -+ -+Package: unison -+Architecture: any -+Depends: ${shlibs:Depends} -+Recommends: ssh -+Description: A file-synchronization tool for Unix and Windows -+ Unison is a file-synchronization tool for Unix and Windows, written -+ in OCaml. It allows two replicas of a collection of files and -+ directories to be stored on different hosts (or different disks -+ on the same host), modified separately, and then brought up to -+ date by propagating the changes in each replica to the other. -+ . -+ Unison offers several advantages over various synchronization methods -+ such as CVS, Coda, rsync, Intellisync, etc. Unison can run on and -+ synchronize between Windows and many UNIX platforms. Unison requires -+ no root privileges, system access or kernel changes to function. Unison -+ can synchronize changes to files and directories in both directions, -+ on the same machine, or across a network using ssh or a direct -+ socket connection. -+ . -+ Transfers are optimised using a version of the rsync protocol, -+ making it ideal for slower links. Unison has a clear and precise -+ specification, and is resilient to failure due to its careful -+ handling of the replicas and its private structures. -+ -+Package: unison-gtk -+Architecture: any -+Depends: ${shlibs:Depends}, unison (= ${Source-Version}) -+Description: A file-synchronization tool for Unix and Windows - GTK interface -+ This package adds the optional GTK interface to the file synchronization -+ tool 'unison'. ---- unison-2.9.1.orig/debian/rules -+++ unison-2.9.1/debian/rules -@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ -+#!/usr/bin/make -f -+ -+# export DH_VERBOSE=1 -+export DH_COMPAT=2 -+ -+# set $(NATIVE) to true if this arch has an optimising compiler -+NATIVE := $(shell test -x /usr/bin/ocamlopt && echo true || echo false) -+ -+build: build-stamp -+build-stamp: -+ dh_testdir -+# if we have the optimising compiler, build natively with debugging because -+# we can strip it later. if we don't, disable debugging because stripping -+# the non-native binaries removes the bytecode and leaves you with the -+# interpreter, and a somewhat useless binary... =) -+ $(MAKE) UISTYLE=gtk NATIVE=$(NATIVE) DEBUGGING=$(NATIVE) -+ mv unison unison-gtk -+ $(MAKE) UISTYLE=text NATIVE=$(NATIVE) DEBUGGING=$(NATIVE) -+ $(CURDIR)/unison -doc all > $(CURDIR)/unison-manual.txt -+ touch build-stamp -+ -+clean: -+ dh_testdir -+ dh_testroot -+ rm -f build-stamp configure-stamp -+ rm -f unison-manual.txt unison-gtk -+ -$(MAKE) clean -+ dh_clean -+ -+install: build -+ dh_testdir -+ dh_testroot -+ dh_clean -k -+ dh_installdirs -+ install -o root -g root -m 755 unison $(CURDIR)/debian/unison/usr/bin -+ install -o root -g root -m 755 unison-gtk $(CURDIR)/debian/unison-gtk/usr/bin -+ ln -s unison $(CURDIR)/debian/unison-gtk/usr/share/doc/unison-gtk -+ ln -s unison.1.gz $(CURDIR)/debian/unison-gtk/usr/share/man/man1/unison-gtk.1.gz -+ -+binary-indep: build install -+ -+binary-arch: build install -+# dh_testversion -+ dh_testdir -+ dh_testroot -+# dh_installdebconf -+ dh_installdocs -+# dh_installexamples -+ dh_installmenu -+# dh_installemacsen -+# dh_installpam -+# dh_installinit -+# dh_installcron -+ dh_installman debian/unison.1 -+# dh_installinfo -+# dh_undocumented -+ dh_installchangelogs NEWS -+# dh_link -+# only strip it if it's native or it breaks -+ set -e; \ -+ if [ -x "/usr/bin/ocamlopt" ]; then \ -+ dh_strip; \ -+ fi -+ dh_compress -+ dh_fixperms -+# dh_suidregister -+# dh_makeshlibs -+ dh_installdeb -+# dh_perl -+ dh_shlibdeps -+ dh_gencontrol -+ dh_md5sums -+ dh_builddeb -+ -+binary: binary-indep binary-arch -+.PHONY: build clean binary-indep binary-arch binary install configure ---- unison-2.9.1.orig/debian/unison-manual.html -+++ unison-2.9.1/debian/unison-manual.html -@@ -0,0 +1,4136 @@ -+ -+ -+ -+ -+ -+ -+ -+ -+ -+
-+
-+ -+
-+ Unison File Synchronizer
http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~bcpierce/unison

Version -+ 2.9.1

User Manual and Reference -+
-+
-+ -+ -+

Contents

-+
-+ Preface
          ·People
          ·Copying
          ·Reporting Bugs
          ·How You Can Help
Installation
          ·Downloading Unison
          ·Running Unison
          ·Upgrading
          ·Contributed Ports
          ·Building Unison from Scratch
                  Unix
                  Windows
                  Installation Options
Tutorial
          ·Preliminaries
          ·Local Usage
          ·Remote Usage
          ·Remote Shell Method
          ·Socket Method
          ·Using Unison for All Your Files
          ·Going Further
Basic Concepts
          ·Roots
          ·Paths
          ·What is an Update?
          ·What is a Conflict?
          ·Reconciliation
          ·Invariants
          ·Caveats and Shortcomings
Reference
          ·Running Unison
          ·The .unison Directory
          ·Archive Files
          ·Preferences
          ·Profiles
          ·Sample Profiles
                  A Minimal Profile
                  A Basic Profile
                  A Power-User Profile
          ·Keeping Backups
          ·Merging Conflicting Versions
          ·The User Interface
          ·Exit code
          ·Path specification
          ·Ignoring Paths
          ·Symbolic Links
          ·Permissions
          ·Cross-Platform Synchronization
          ·Slow Links
          ·Fast Update Detection
          ·Click-starting Unison
Advice
          ·Frequently Asked Questions
          ·Common Problems
          ·Tricks and Tips
Installing Ssh
          ·Unix
          ·Windows
Changes in Version 2.9.1
-+
-+ Unison is a file-synchronization tool for Unix and Windows. -+It allows two replicas of a collection of files and directories to be -+stored on different hosts (or different disks on the same host), -+modified separately, and then brought up to date by propagating the -+changes in each replica to the other.
-+
-+Unison -+shares a number of features with tools such as configuration -+management packages (CVS, -+PRCS, -+etc.), -+distributed filesystems -+(Coda, -+etc.), -+uni-directional mirroring utilities -+(rsync, -+etc.), -+and other synchronizers -+(Intellisync, -+Reconcile, -+etc). -+However, there are several points where it differs: -+
    -+
  • -+Unison runs on both Windows (95, 98, NT, and 2k) and Unix (Solaris, -+ Linux, etc.) systems. Moreover, Unison works across -+ platforms, allowing you to synchronize a Windows laptop with a -+ Unix server, for example. -+ -+
  • Unlike a distributed filesystem, Unison is a user-level program: -+ there is no need to hack (or own!) the kernel, or to have -+ superuser privileges on either host. -+ -+
  • Unlike simple mirroring or backup utilities, Unison can deal -+ with updates to both replicas of a distributed directory structure. -+ Updates that do not conflict are propagated automatically. -+ Conflicting updates are detected and displayed. -+ -+
  • Unison works between any pair of machines connected to the -+ internet, communicating over either a direct socket link or -+ tunneling over an rsh or an encrypted ssh connection. -+ It is careful with network bandwidth, and runs well over slow links -+ such as PPP connections. Transfers of small updates to large files are -+ optimized using a compression protocol similar to rsync. -+ -+
  • Unison has a clear and precise specification, described -+below. -+
  • Unison is resilient to failure. It is careful to leave the -+ replicas and its own private structures in a sensible state at all -+ times, even in case of abnormal termination or communication -+ failures. -+ -+
  • Unison is free; full source code is available under the GNU -+Public License. -+
There is a moderated, very-low-volume -+announcement list -+for new Unison releases; the archives of this list are available at the -+above link. There is also a moderated (but higher volume) -+discussion list for -+Unison users.
-+
-+
-+ -+

Preface

-+ -+

People

    -+
  • -+Benjamin Pierce -+ is the Unison project leader. Zhe Yang is a full-time postdoc on the -+ project. -+ -+
  • The current version of Unison was designed and implemented by -+ Trevor Jim, -+ Benjamin Pierce, -+and -+ Jérôme Vouillon, -+with -+ Sylvain Gommier and -+ Matthieu Goulay. -+ -+
  • Our implementation of the rsync protocol was built by -+ Norman Ramsey and Sylvain Gommier. It is is based on -+ Andrew Tridgell's thesis work and inspired by his rsync utility. -+ -+
  • The mirroring and merging functionality was implemented by -+ Sylvain Roy. -+ -+
  • Jacques Garrigue contributed the original Gtk version of the user -+ interface. -+ -+
  • Sundar Balasubramaniam helped build a prototype implementation of -+an earlier synchronizer in Java. Insik Shin and -+Insup Lee contributed design -+ideas to this implementation. Cedric Fournet contributed to an even -+earlier prototype. -+
-+ -+

Copying

Unison is free software. You are free to change and redistribute it -+under the terms of the GNU General Public License. Please see the -+file COPYING in the Unison distribution for more information.
-+
-+ -+ -+

Reporting Bugs

If Unison is not working the way you expect, here are some steps to -+follow:
-+
-+
    -+
  • -+First, try running Unison with the -debug all command line option. -+This will cause Unison to generate a detailed trace of what it's -+doing, which may make it clearer where the problem is occurring. -+ -+
  • Second, send mail to unison-help@cis.upenn.edu describing the problem and we'll try to -+fix it. Make sure to include the version of Unison you are using (unison -version), the kind of machine(s) you are running it on, a -+record of what gets printed when the -debug all option is included, -+and as much information as you can about what went wrong. -+ -+
  • If you think the problem you're having might have been encountered -+by others (e.g., if it seems like a configuration problem, not a real -+bug), then you may be able to get some help from the Unison users' -+mailing list, unison-users@groups.yahoo.com. -+
-+ -+

How You Can Help

Unison is a part-time project for its developers: we work on it -+because we enjoy making something that is useful for us and for the -+community, but we all have other jobs to do. If you like Unison and -+want to help improve it, your contributions would be very welcome. -+For more details on how the code is organized, etc., see the file CONTRIB in the source distribution.
-+
-+If you don't feel like hacking, you can help us by simply letting us -+know how you like Unison. Even a short note like ``I'm using it; -+works fine'' or ``I looked at it but it's not quite what I want -+because...'' will give us valuable information.
-+
-+
-+ -+

Installation

Unison is designed to be easy to install. The following sequence of -+steps should get you a fully working installation in a few minutes. (If -+you run into trouble, you may find the suggestions in -+the Advice section helpful.)
-+
-+Unison can be used with either of two user interfaces: -+
    -+
  1. -+ -+a simple textual interface, suitable for dumb terminals (and -+running from scripts), and -+ -+
  2. a more sophisticated grapical interface, based on Gtk. -+
You will need to install a copy of Unison on every machine that you -+want to synchronize. However, you only need the version with a -+graphical user interface (if you want a GUI at all) on the machine -+where you're actually going to display the interface (the client -+machine). Other machines that you synchronize with can get along just -+fine with the textual version.
-+
-+ -+ -+

Downloading Unison

If a pre-built binary of Unison is available for the client machine's -+architecture, just download it and put it somewhere in your search -+path (if you're going to invoke it from the command line) or on your -+desktop (if you'll be click-starting it).
-+
-+The executable file for the graphical version (with a name including -+gtkui) actually provides both interfaces: the graphical one -+appears by default, while the textual interface can be selected by including -+-ui text on the command line. The textui executable -+provides just the textual interface.
-+
-+If you don't see a pre-built executable for your architecture, you'll -+need to build it yourself. See the Building Unison section. -+(There are also a small number of ``contributed ports'' to other -+architectures that are not maintained by us. See -+the Contributed Ports section to check what's available.)
-+
-+Check to make sure that what you have downloaded is really executable. -+Either click-start it, or type unison -version at the command -+line.
-+
-+Unison can be used in several different modes: with -+different directories on a single machine, with a -+remote machine over a direct socket connection, with a remote machine -+using rsh (on Unix systems), or with a remote Unix system (from either -+a Unix or a Windows client) using ssh -+for authentication and secure transfer. If you intend to use the last option, you may need to install ssh; see the Installing Ssh section.
-+
-+ -+ -+

Running Unison

Once you've got Unison installed on at least one system, read -+the Tutorial section of the user manual (or type unison -doc -+ tutorial) for instructions on how to get started.
-+
-+ -+ -+

Upgrading

Upgrading to a new version of Unison should be as simple as throwing -+away the old binary and installing the new one.
-+
-+Before upgrading, it is a good idea to use the old version to -+make sure all your replicas are completely synchronized. A new -+version of Unison will sometimes introduce a different format for the -+archive files used to remember information about the previous state of -+the replicas. In this case, the old archive will be ignored (not -+deleted --- if you roll back to the previous version of Unison, you will -+find the old archives intact), which means that any differences -+between the replicas will show up as conflicts and need to be resolved -+manually.
-+
-+ -+ -+

Contributed Ports

A few people have offered to maintain pre-built executables, easy -+installation scripts, etc., for particular architectures. They are not -+maintained by us and are not guaranteed to work, be kept up to date with -+our latest releases, etc., but you may find them useful. Here's what's -+available at the moment:
-+
-+ -+ -+

Building Unison from Scratch

If a pre-built image is not available, you will need to compile it from -+scratch; the sources are available from the same place as the binaries.
-+
-+In principle, Unison should work on any platform to which OCaml has been -+ported and on which the Unix module is fully implemented. In -+particular, it has been tested on many flavors of Windows (98, NT, 2000) -+and Unix (Solaris, Linux, FreeBSD, MacOS X), and on both 32- and 64-bit -+architectures.
-+
-+Unison does not work (and probably never will) on MacOS versions 8 or 9.
-+
-+ -+ -+

Unix

You'll need the Objective Caml compiler (version 3.04 or later1), which -+is available from its official site http://caml.inria.fr. Building and -+installing OCaml on Unix systems is very straightforward; follow the -+instructions in the distribution. You'll probably want to build the -+native-code compiler in addition to the bytecode compiler, but this is -+not absolutely necessary.
-+
-+(Quick start: on many systems, the following sequence of commands will -+get you a working and installed compiler: first do make world opt, -+then su to root, then do make install.)
-+
-+You'll also need the GNU make utility, standard on many Unix -+systems. (Type make --version to check that you've got the -+GNU version.)
-+
-+Once you've got OCaml installed, grab a copy of the Unison sources, -+unzip and untar them, change to the new unison directory, and -+type -+
-+            make UISTYLE=text
-+
-+The result should be an executable file called unison.
-+
-+Type ./unison to make sure the program is executable. You -+should get back a usage message.
-+
-+If you want to build a graphical user interface, choose one of the -+following: -+
    -+
  • -+Gtk interface:
    You will need Gtk (version 1.2 or later, available from -+ http://www.gtk.org and standard -+ on many Unix installations). -+ -+ You also need the get LablGtk (version 1.1.3 is known to work). Grab the -+ developers' tarball from -+
    -+ http://wwwfun.kurims.kyoto-u.ac.jp/soft/olabl/lablgtk.html, -+
    -+ untar it, and follow the instructions to build and install it.
    -+
    -+ (Quick start: make configure, then make, then make -+ opt, then su and make install.)
    -+
    -+ Now build unison. If your search paths are set up correctly, typing -+
    -+       make UISTYLE=gtk
-+
    -+ should build a unison executable with a Gtk graphical interface. -+
If this step does not work, don't worry: Unison works fine with the -+textual interface.
-+
-+Put the unison executable somewhere in your search path, either -+by adding the Unison directory to your PATH variable or by copying the -+executable to some standard directory where executables are stored.
-+
-+ -+ -+

Windows

Although the binary distribution should work on any version of Windows, -+some people may want to build Unison from scratch on those systems too.
-+
-+ -+ -+
Bytecode version:
The simpler but slower compilation option to build a Unison executable is to build a bytecode version. You need first install Windows version of the OCaml compiler (version 3.04 or later, available from http://caml.inria.fr). Then grab a copy of Unison sources and type -+
-+       make UISTYLE=text NATIVE=false
-+
-+to compile the bytecode. The result should be an executable file called unison.exe.
-+
-+ -+ -+
Native version:
To build a more efficient, native version of Unison on Windows, you can choose between two options. Both options require the OCaml distribution version 3.04 as well as the Cygwin layer, which provides certain GNU tools. The two options differ in the C compiler employed: MS Visual C++ (MSVC) vs. Cygwin GNU C.
-+
-+The tradeoff? -+
    -+
  • -+Only the MSVC option can produce statically linked Unison executable. -+ -+
  • The Cygwin GNU C option requires only free software. -+
The files ``INSTALL.win32-msvc'' and ``INSTALL.win32-cygwin-gnuc'' describe -+the building procedures for the respective options.
-+
-+ -+ -+

Installation Options

The Makefile in the distribution includes several switches that -+can be used to control how Unison is built. Here are the most useful -+ones: -+
    -+
  • -+Building with NATIVE=true uses the native-code OCaml -+compiler, yielding an executable that will run quite a bit faster. We use -+this for building distribution versions. -+ -+
  • Building with make DEBUGGING=true generates debugging -+symbols. -+ -+
  • Building with make STATIC=true generates a (mostly) -+statically linked executable. We use this for building distribution -+versions, for portability. -+
-+
-+ -+

Tutorial

-+ -+

Preliminaries

Unison can be used with either of two user interfaces: -+
    -+
  1. -+ -+a straightforward textual interface and -+ -+
  2. a more sophisticated graphical interface -+
-+The textual interface is more convenient for running from scripts and -+works on dumb terminals; the graphical interface is better for most -+interactive use. For this tutorial, you can use either.
-+
-+The command-line arguments to both versions are identical. -+The graphical version can be run directly by clicking on its icon, but -+this requires a little set-up (see the Click-starting Unison section). -+For this tutorial, we assume that you're starting it from the command -+line.
-+
-+Unison can synchronize files and directories on a single machine, or -+between two machines on network. (The same program runs on both -+machines; the only difference is which one is responsible for -+displaying the user interface.) If you're only interested in a -+single-machine setup, then let's call that machine the client. If -+you're synchronizing two machines, let's call them client and -+server.
-+
-+ -+ -+

Local Usage

Let's get the client machine set up first, and see how to synchronize -+two directories on a single machine.
-+
-+Follow the instructions in the Installation section to either -+download or build an executable version of Unison, and install it -+somewhere on your search path. (If you just want to use the textual user -+interface, download the appropriate textui binary. If you just want to -+the graphical interface---or if you will use both interfaces [the gtkui -+binary actually has both compiled in]---then download the gtkui binary.)
-+
-+Create a small test directory a.tmp containing a couple of files -+and/or subdirectories, e.g., -+
-+       mkdir a.tmp
-+       touch a.tmp/a a.tmp/b
-+       mkdir a.tmp/d
-+       touch a.tmp/d/f
-+
-+Copy this directory to b.tmp: -+
-+       cp -r a.tmp b.tmp
-+
Now try synchronizing a.tmp and b.tmp. (Since they are -+identical, synchronizing them won't propagate any changes, but Unison -+will remember the current state of both directories so that it will be -+able to tell next time what has changed.) Type: -+
-+       unison a.tmp b.tmp
-+

Textual Interface:
    -+
  • -+ -+You should see a message notifying you that all the files are actually -+equal and then get returned to the command line. -+

Graphical Interface:
    -+
  • -+ -+You should get a big empty window with a message at the bottom -+notifying you that all files are identical. Choose the Exit item from -+the File menu to get back to the command line. -+
Next, make some changes in a.tmp and/or b.tmp. For example: -+
-+        rm a.tmp/a
-+        echo "Hello" > a.tmp/b
-+        echo "Hello" > b.tmp/b
-+        date > b.tmp/c
-+        echo "Hi there" > a.tmp/d/h
-+        echo "Hello there" > b.tmp/d/h
-+
-+Run Unison again: -+
-+       unison a.tmp b.tmp
-+
This time, the user interface will display only the files that have -+changed. If a file has been modified in just one -+replica, then it will be displayed with an arrow indicating the -+direction that the change needs to be propagated. For example, -+
-+                 <---  new file   c  [f]
-+
-+indicates that the file c has been modified only in the second -+replica, and that the default action is therefore to propagate the new -+version to the first replica. To follw Unison's recommendation, -+press the ``f'' at the prompt.
-+
-+If both replicas are modified and their contents are different, then -+the changes are in conflict: <-?-> is displayed to indicate -+that Unison needs guidance on which replica should override the -+other. -+
-+     new file  <-?->  new file   d/h  []
-+
-+By default, neither version will be propagated and both -+replicas will remain as they are.
-+
-+If both replicas have been modified but their new contents are the same -+(as with the file b), then no propagation is necessary and -+nothing is shown. Unison simply notes that the file is up to date.
-+
-+These display conventions are used by both versions of the user -+interface. The only difference lies in the way in which Unison's -+default actions are either accepted or overriden by the user.
-+
-+
Textual Interface:
    -+
  • -+ -+The status of each modified file is displayed, in turn. -+When the copies of a file in the two replicas are not identical, the -+user interface will ask for instructions as to how to propagate the -+change. If some default action is indicated (by an arrow), you can -+simply press Return to go on to the next changed file. If you want to -+do something different with this file, press ``<'' or ``>'' to force -+the change to be propagated from right to left or from left to right, -+or else press ``/'' to skip this file and leave both replicas alone. -+When it reaches the end of the list of modified files, Unison will ask -+you one more time whether it should proceed with the updates that have -+been selected.
    -+
    -+When Unison stops to wait for input from the user, pressing ``?'' -+will always give a list of possible responses and their meanings. -+

Graphical Interface:
    -+
  • -+ -+The main window shows all the files that have been modified in either -+a.tmp or b.tmp. To override a default action (or to select -+an action in the case when there is no default), first select the file, either -+by clicking on its name or by using the up- and down-arrow keys. Then -+press either the left-arrow or ``<'' key (to cause the version in a.tmp to -+propagate to b.tmp) or the right-arrow or ``>'' key (which makes the b.tmp -+version override a.tmp).
    -+
    -+Every keyboard command can also be invoked from the menus at the top -+of the user interface. (Conversely, each menu item is annotated with -+its keyboard equivalent, if it has one.)
    -+
    -+When you are satisfied with the directions for the propagation of changes -+as shown in the main window, click the ``Go'' button to set them in -+motion. A check sign will be displayed next to each filename -+when the file has been dealt with. -+
-+ -+

Remote Usage

Next, we'll get Unison set up to synchronize replicas on two different -+machines.
-+
-+Follow the instructions in the Installation section to download or -+build an executable version of Unison on the server machine, and -+install it somewhere on your search path. (It doesn't matter whether -+you install the textual or graphical version, since the copy of Unison on -+the server doesn't need to display any user interface at all.)
-+
-+It is important that the version of Unison installed on the server -+machine is the same as the version of Unison on the client machine. -+But some flexibility on the version of Unison at the client side can -+be achieved by using the -addversionno option; see -+the Preferences section.
-+
-+Now there is a decision to be made. Unison provides two methods for -+communicating between the client and the server: -+
    -+
  • -+Remote shell method: To use this method, you must have -+ some way of invoking remote commands on the server from the client's -+ command line, using a facility such as ssh or rsh. -+ This method is more convenient (since there is no need to manually -+ start a ``unison server'' process on the server) and also more -+ secure (especially if you use ssh).
    -+
    -+ -+
  • Socket method: This method requires only that you can get -+ TCP packets from the client to the server and back. A draconian -+ firewall can prevent this, but otherwise it should work anywhere. -+
Decide which of these you want to try, and continue with -+the Remote Shell Method section or -+the Socket Method section, as appropriate.
-+
-+ -+ -+

Remote Shell Method

The standard remote shell facility on Unix systems is rsh. -+A drop-in replacement for rsh is ssh, which provides the -+same functionality but much better security. (Ssh is available from -+ftp://ftp.cs.hut.fi/pub/ssh/; up-to-date binaries for some -+architectures can also be found at -+ftp://ftp.faqs.org/ssh/contrib. See section A.2 -+for installation instructions for the Windows version.) Both rsh and -+ssh require some coordination between the client and server -+machines to establish that the client is allowed to invoke commands on -+the server; please refer to the rsh or ssh documentation -+for information on how to set this up. The examples in this section -+use ssh, but you can substitute rsh for ssh if -+you wish.
-+
-+First, test that we can invoke Unison on the server from the client. -+Typing -+
-+        ssh remotehostname unison -version
-+
-+should print the same version information as running -+
-+        unison -version
-+
-+locally on the client. If remote execution fails, then either -+something is wrong with your ssh setup (e.g., ``permission denied'') -+or else the search path that's being used when executing commands on -+the server doesn't contain the unison executable (e.g., -+``command not found'').
-+
-+Create a test directory a.tmp in your home directory on the client -+machine.
-+
-+Test that the local unison client can start and connect to the -+remote server. Type -+
-+          unison -testServer a.tmp ssh://remotehostname/a.tmp
-+
Now cd to your home directory and type: -+
-+          unison a.tmp ssh://remotehostname/a.tmp
-+
-+The result should be that the entire directory a.tmp is propagated -+from the client to your home directory on the server.
-+
-+After finishing the first synchronization, change a few files and try -+synchronizing again. You should see similar results as in the local -+case.
-+
-+If your user name on the server is not the same as on the client, you -+need to specify it on the command line: -+
-+          unison a.tmp ssh://username@remotehostname/a.tmp
-+
Notes: -+
    -+
  • -+If you want to put a.tmp some place other than your home -+directory on the remote host, you can give an absolute path for it by -+adding an extra slash between remotehostname and the beginning -+of the path: -+
    -+          unison a.tmp ssh://remotehostname//absolute/path/to/a.tmp
-+
    -+
  • You can give an explicit path for the unison executable -+ on the server by using the command-line option -servercmd -+ /full/path/name/of/unison or adding -+ servercmd=/full/path/name/of/unison to your profile (see -+ the Profile section). Similarly, you can specify a -+ explicit path for the rsh or ssh program using the -+ option -rshcmd or -sshcmd. -+
-+ -+

Socket Method

To run Unison over a socket connection, you must start a Unison -+``daemon'' process on the server. This process runs continuously, -+waiting for connections over a given socket from client machines -+running Unison and processing their requests in turn.
-+
-+
-+ Warning: The socket method is -+ insecure: not only are the texts of your changes transmitted over -+ the network in unprotected form, it is also possible for anyone in -+ the world to connect to the server process and read out the contents -+ of your filesystem! (Of course, to do this they must understand the -+ protocol that Unison uses to communicate between client and server, -+ but all they need for this is a copy of the Unison sources.) -+
To start the daemon, type -+
-+       unison -socket NNNN
-+
-+on the server machine, where NNNN is the socket number that the -+daemon should listen on for connections from clients. (NNNN can -+be any large number that is not being used by some other program; if -+NNNN is already in use, Unison will exit with an error -+message.) Note that paths specified by the client will be interpreted -+relative to the directory in which you start the server process; this -+behavior is different from the ssh case, where the path is relative to -+your home directory on the server.
-+
-+Create a test directory a.tmp in your home directory on the -+client machine. Now type: -+
-+       unison a.tmp socket://remotehostname:NNNN/a.tmp
-+
-+The result should be that the entire directory a.tmp is -+propagated from the client to the server (a.tmp will be -+created on the server in the directory that the server was started -+from). -+After finishing the first synchronization, change a few files and try -+synchronizing again. You should see similar results as in the local -+case.
-+
-+ -+ -+

Using Unison for All Your Files

Once you are comfortable with the basic operation of Unison, you may -+find yourself wanting to use it regularly to synchronize your commonly -+used files. There are several possible ways of going about this:
-+
-+
    -+
  1. -+ -+Synchronize your whole home directory, using the Ignore facility -+(see the Ignore section) -+to avoid synchronizing temporary files and things that only belong on -+one host. -+ -+
  2. Create a subdirectory called shared (or current, or -+whatever) in your home directory on each host, and put all the files -+you want to synchronize into this directory. -+ -+
  3. Create a subdirectory called shared (or current, or -+whatever) in your home directory on each host, and put links to -+all the files you want to synchronize into this directory. Use the -+follow preference (see the Symbolic Links section) to make -+sure that all these links are treated transparently by Unison. -+ -+
  4. Make your home directory the root of the synchronization, but -+tell Unison to synchronize only some of the files and subdirectories -+within it. This can be accomplished by using the -path switch -+on the command line: -+
    -+       unison /home/username ssh://remotehost//home/username -path shared
-+
    -+The -path option can be used as many times as needed, to -+synchronize several files or subdirectories: -+
    -+       unison /home/username ssh://remotehost//home/username \
-+          -path shared \
-+          -path pub \
-+          -path .netscape/bookmarks.html
-+
    -+These -path arguments can also be put in your preference file. -+See the Preferences section for an example. -+
When you synchronize a large directory structure (e.g. your home -+directory) for the first time, Unison will need to spend a lot of time -+walking over all the files and building its internal data structures. -+You'll probably save time if you start off focusing Unison's attention on -+just a subset of your files, by including the option -+-path some/small/subdirectory on the command line. When this is -+working to your satisfaction, take away the -path option and go -+get lunch while Unison works.
-+
-+If your replicas are large and at least one of them is on a Windows -+system, you may find that Unison's default method for detecting changes -+(which involves scanning the full contents of every file on every -+sync---the only completely safe way to do it under Windows) is too slow. -+In this case, you may be interested in the fastcheck preference, -+documented in the Fast Update Checking section.
-+
-+Most people find that they only need to maintain a profile (or -+profiles) on one of the hosts that they synchronize, since Unison is -+always initiated from this host. (For example, if you're -+synchronizing a laptop with a fileserver, you'll probably always run -+Unison on the laptop.) This is a bit different from the usual -+situation with asymmetric mirroring programs like rdist, where -+the mirroring operation typically needs to be initiated from the -+machine with the most recent changes. the Profile section -+covers the syntax of Unison profiles, together with some sample profiles.
-+
-+ -+ -+

Going Further

On-line documentation for the various features of Unison -+can be obtained either by typing -+
-+        unison -doc topics
-+
-+at the command line, or by selecting the Help menu in the graphical -+user interface. -+The on-line information is essentially identical to this manual. -+
-+
-+There are two email lists for users of unison. Visit -+
-+http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~bcpierce/unison/download.html -+
-+for more details.
-+
-+
-+ -+

Basic Concepts

Unison deals in a few straightforward concepts. -+(A more mathematical development of these concepts can be found in -+``What is a File Synchronizer?'' by Sundar Balasubramaniam and -+Benjamin Pierce [MobiCom 1998]. A more up-to-date version can be -+found in a -+recent set of slides.)
-+
-+ -+ -+

Roots

A replica's root tells Unison where to find a set of files to be -+synchronized, either on the local machine or on a remote host. -+For example, -+
-+      relative/path/of/root
-+
-+specifies a local root relative to the directory where Unison is -+started, while -+
-+      /absolute/path/of/root
-+
-+specifies a root relative to the top of the local filesystem, -+independent of where Unison is running. Remote roots can begin with -+ssh://, -+rsh:// -+to indicate that the remote server should be started with rsh or ssh: -+
-+      ssh://remotehost//absolute/path/of/root
-+      rsh://user@remotehost/relative/path/of/root
-+
-+If the remote server is already running (in the socket mode), then the syntax -+
-+      socket://remotehost:portnum//absolute/path/of/root
-+      socket://remotehost:portnum/relative/path/of/root
-+
-+is used to specify the hostname and the port that the client Unison should -+use to contact it.
-+
-+The syntax for roots is based on that of URIs (described in RFC 2396). -+The full grammar is: -+
-+  replica ::= [protocol:]//[user@][host][:port][/path]
-+           |  path
-+
-+  protocol ::= file
-+            |  socket
-+            |  ssh
-+            |  rsh
-+
-+  user ::= [-_a-zA-Z0-9]+
-+
-+  host ::= [-_a-zA-Z0-9.]+
-+
-+  port ::= [0-9]+
-+
-+When path is given without any protocol prefix, the protocol is -+assumed to be file:. Under Windows, it is possible to -+synchronize with a remote directory using the file: protocol over -+the Windows Network Neighborhood. For example, -+
-+       unison foo //host/drive/bar
-+
-+synchronizes the local directory foo with the directory -+drive:\bar on the machine host, provided that host -+is accessible via Network Neighborhood. When the file: protocol -+is used in this way, there is no need for a Unison server to be running -+on the remote host. (However, running Unison this way is only a good -+idea if the remote host is reached by a very fast network connection, -+since the full contents of every file in the remote replica will have to -+be transferred to the local machine to detect updates.)
-+
-+The names of roots are canonized by Unison before it uses them -+to compute the names of the corresponding archive files, so //saul//home/bcpierce/common and //saul.cis.upenn.edu/common -+will be recognized as the same replica under different names.
-+
-+ -+ -+

Paths

A path refers to a point within a set of files being -+synchronized; it is specified relative to the root of the replica.
-+
-+Formally, a path is just a sequence of names, separated by /. -+Note that the path separator character is always a forward slash, no -+matter what operating system Unison is running on. Forward slashes -+are converted to backslashes as necessary when paths are converted to -+filenames in the local filesystem on a particular host. -+(For example, suppose that we run Unison on a Windows system, synchronizing -+the local root c:\pierce with the root -+ssh://saul.cis.upenn.edu/home/bcpierce on a Unix server. Then -+the path current/todo.txt refers to the file -+c:\pierce\current\todo.txt on the client and -+/home/bcpierce/current/todo.txt on the server.)
-+
-+The empty path (i.e., the empty sequence of names) denotes the whole -+replica. Unison displays the empty path as ``[root].''
-+
-+If p is a path and q is a path beginning with p, then -+q is said to be a descendant of p. (Each path is also a -+descendant of itself.)
-+
-+ -+ -+

What is an Update?

The contents of a path p in a particular replica could be a -+file, a directory, a symbolic link, or absent (if p does not -+refer to anything at all in that replica). More specifically: -+
    -+
  • -+If p refers to an ordinary file, then the -+contents of p are the actual contents of this file (a string of bytes) -+plus the current permission bits of the file. -+ -+
  • If p refers to a symbolic link, then the contents of p -+are just the string specifying where the link points. -+ -+
  • If p refers to a directory, then the -+contents of p are just the token ``DIRECTORY'' plus the current -+permission bits of the directory. -+ -+
  • If p does not refer to anything in this replica, then the -+contents of p are the token ``ABSENT.'' -+
-+Unison keeps a record of the contents of each path after each -+successful synchronization of that path (i.e., it remembers the -+contents at the last moment when they were the same in the two -+replicas).
-+
-+We say that a path is updated (in some replica) if its current -+contents are different from its contents the last time it was -+successfully synchronized.
-+
-+(What Unison actually calculates is a slight approximation to this -+definition; see the Caveats and Shortcomings section.)
-+
-+ -+ -+

What is a Conflict?

A path is said to be conflicting if -+
    -+
  1. -+ -+it has been updated in one replica, -+ -+
  2. it or any of its descendants has been updated in the other -+ replica, -+and -+ -+
  3. its contents in the two replicas are not identical. -+
-+ -+

Reconciliation

Unison operates in several distinct stages: -+
    -+
  1. -+ -+On each host, it compares its archive file (which records -+the state of each path in the replica when it was last synchronized) -+with the current contents of the replica, to determine which paths -+have been updated. -+ -+
  2. It checks for ``false conflicts'' --- paths that have been -+updated on both replicas, but whose current values are identical. -+These paths are silently marked as synchronized in the archive files -+in both replicas. -+ -+
  3. It displays all the updated paths to the user. For updates that -+do not conflict, it suggests a default action (propagating the new -+contents from the updated replica to the other). Conflicting updates -+are just displayed. The user is given an opportunity to examine the -+current state of affairs, change the default actions for -+nonconflicting updates, and choose actions for conflicting updates. -+ -+
  4. It performs the selected actions, one at a time. Each action is -+performed by first transferring the new contents to a temporary file -+on the receiving host, then atomically moving them into place. -+ -+
  5. It updates its archive files to reflect the new state of the -+replicas. -+
-+ -+

Invariants

Given the importance and delicacy of the job that it performs, it is -+important to understand both what a synchronizer does under normal -+conditions and what can happen under unusual conditions such as system -+crashes and communication failures.
-+
-+Unison is careful to protect both its internal state and the state of -+the replicas at every point in this process. Specifically, the -+following guarantees are enforced: -+
    -+
  • -+At every moment, each path in each replica has either (1) its original contents (i.e., no change at all has been made to this -+path), or (2) its correct final contents (i.e., the value that the -+user expected to be propagated from the other replica). -+ -+
  • At every moment, the information stored on disk about Unison's -+private state can be either (1) unchanged, or (2) updated to reflect -+those paths that have been successfully synchronized. -+
-+The upshot is that it is safe to interrupt Unison at any time, either -+manually or accidentally.
-+
-+If an interruption happens while it is propagating updates, then there -+may be some paths for which an update has been propagated but which -+have not been marked as synchronized in Unison's archives. This is no -+problem: the next time Unison runs, it will detect changes to these -+paths in both replicas, notice that the contents are now equal, and -+mark the paths as successfully updated when it writes back its private -+state at the end of this run.
-+
-+If Unison is interrupted, it may sometimes leave temporary working files -+(with suffix .tmp) in the replicas. It is safe to delete these -+files. Also, if the (deprecated) backups flag is set, Unison will -+leave around old versions of files, with names like -+file.0.unison.bak. These can be deleted safely, when they are no -+longer wanted.
-+
-+Unison is not bothered by clock skew between the different hosts on -+which it is running. It only performs comparisons between timestamps -+obtained from the same host, and the only assumption it makes about -+them is that the clock on each system always runs forward. -+
-+
-+If Unison finds that its archive files have been deleted (or that the -+archive format has changed and they cannot be read, or that they don't -+exist because this is the first run of Unison on these particular -+roots), it takes a conservative approach: it behaves as though the -+replicas had both been completely empty at the point of the last -+synchronization. The effect of this is that, on the first run, files -+that exist in only one replica will be propagated to the other, while -+files that exist in both replicas but are unequal will be marked as -+conflicting.
-+
-+Touching a file without changing its contents should never -+affect Unison's behavior. (On Unix, it uses file modtimes for a quick -+first pass to tell which files have definitely not changed; then -+for each file that might have changed -+it computes a fingerprint of the file's contents and compares it -+against the last-synchronized contents.)
-+
-+It is safe to ``brainwash'' Unison by deleting its archive files -+on both replicas. The next time it runs, it will assume that -+all the files it sees in the replicas are new.
-+
-+It is safe to modify files while Unison is working. If Unison -+discovers that it has propagated an out-of-date change, or that the -+file it is updating has changed on the target replica, it will signal -+a failure for that file. Run Unison again to propagate the latest -+change. -+
-+
-+Changes to the ignore patterns from the user interface (e.g., using -+the `i' key) are immediately reflected in the current profile.
-+
-+ -+ -+

Caveats and Shortcomings

Here are some things to be careful of when using Unison. A complete -+list of bugs can be found in the file BUGS.txt in the source distribution.
-+
-+
    -+
  • -+In the interests of speed, the update detection algorithm may -+ (depending on which OS architecture that you run Unison on) -+ actually use an approximation to the definition given in -+ the What is an Update? section.
    -+
    -+ In particular, the Unix -+ implementation does not compare the actual contents of files to their -+ previous contents, but simply looks at each file's inode number and -+ modtime; if neither of these have changed, then it concludes that the -+ file has not been changed.
    -+
    -+ Under normal circumstances, this approximation is safe, in the sense -+ that it may sometimes detect ``false updates'' will never miss a real -+ one. However, it is possible to fool it, for example by using -+ retouch to change a file's modtime back to a time in the past. -+
    -+
    -+ -+
  • If you synchronize between a single-user filesystem and a shared -+Unix server, you should pay attention to your permission bits: by -+default, Unison will synchronize permissions verbatim, which may leave -+group-writable files on the server that could be written over by a lot of -+people.
    -+
    -+You can control this by setting your umask on both computers to -+something like 022, masking out the ``world write'' and ``group write'' -+permission bits.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • The graphical user interface is currently single-threaded. This -+means that if Unison is performing some long-running operation, the -+display will not be repainted until it finishes. We recommend not -+trying to do anything with the user interface while Unison is in the -+middle of detecting changes or propagating files.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • Unison does not currently understand hard links. -+
-+ -+

Reference

This section covers the features of Unison in detail.
-+
-+ -+ -+

Running Unison

There are several ways to start Unison. -+
    -+
  • -+Typing ``unison profile'' on the command line. Unison -+will look for a file profile.prf in the .unison -+directory. If this file does not specify a pair of roots, Unison will -+prompt for them and add them to the information specified by the profile. -+ -+
  • Typing ``unison profile root1 root2'' on the command -+line. -+In this case, Unison will use profile, which should not contain -+any root directives. -+ -+
  • Typing ``unison root1 root2'' on the command line. This -+has the same effect as typing ``unison default root1 root2.'' -+ -+
  • Typing just ``unison'' (or invoking Unison by clicking on -+a desktop icon). In this case, Unison will ask for the profile to use -+for synchronization (or create a new one, if necessary). -+
-+ -+

The .unison Directory

Unison stores a variety of information in a private directory on each -+host. If the environment variable UNISON is defined, then its -+value will be used as the name of this directory. If UNISON is -+not defined, then the name of the directory depends on which -+operating system you are using. In Unix, the default is to use -+$HOME/.unison. -+In Windows, if the environment variable -+USERPROFILE is defined, then the directory will be -+$USERPROFILE\.unison; -+otherwise if HOME is defined, it will be -+$HOME\.unison; -+otherwise, it will be -+c:\.unison.
-+
-+The archive file for each replica is found in the .unison -+directory on that replica's host. Profiles (described below) are -+always taken from the .unison directory on the client host.
-+
-+Note that Unison maintains a completely different set of archive files -+for each pair of roots.
-+
-+We do not recommend synchronizing the whole .unison directory, -+as this will involve frequent propagation of large archive files. It -+should be safe to do it, though, if you really want to. -+(Synchronizing the profile files in the .unison directory is -+definitely OK.)
-+
-+ -+ -+

Archive Files

The name of the archive file on each replica is calculated from -+
    -+
  • -+the canonical names of all the hosts (short names like -+ saul are converted into full addresses like saul.cis.upenn.edu), -+ -+
  • the paths to the replicas on all the hosts (again, relative -+ pathnames, symbolic links, etc. are converted into full, absolute paths), and -+ -+
  • an internal version number that is changed whenever a new Unison -+ release changes the format of the information stored in the archive. -+
-+This method should work well for most users. However, it is occasionally -+useful to change the way archive names are generated. Unison provides -+two ways of doing this.
-+
-+The function that finds the canonical hostname of the local host (which -+is used, for example, in calculating the name of the archive file used to -+remember which files have been synchronized) normally uses the -+gethostname operating system call. However, if the environment -+variable UNISONLOCALHOSTNAME is set, its value will be used -+instead. This makes it easier to use Unison in situations where a -+machine's name changes frequently (e.g., because it is a laptop and gets -+moved around a lot).
-+
-+A more powerful way of changing archive names is provided by the -+rootalias preference. The preference file may contain any number of -+lines of the form: -+
-+    rootalias = //hostnameA//path-to-replicaA -> //hostnameB//path-to-replicaB
-+
-+When calculating the name of the archive files for a given pair of roots, -+Unison replaces any root that matches the left-hand side of any rootalias -+rule by the corresponding right-hand side.
-+
-+So, if you need to relocate a root on one of the hosts, you can add a -+rule of the form: -+
-+    rootalias = //new-hostname//new-path -> //old-hostname//old-path
-+
Warning: The rootalias option is dangerous and should only -+be used if you are sure you know what you're doing. In particular, it -+should only be used if you are positive that either (1) both the original -+root and the new alias refer to the same set of files, or (2) the files -+have been relocated so that the original name is now invalid and will -+never be used again. (If the original root and the alias refer to -+different sets of files, Unison's update detector could get confused.) -+After introducing a new rootalias, it is a good idea to run Unison -+a few times interactively (with the batch flag off, etc.) and -+carefully check that things look reasonable---in particular, that update -+detection is working as expected.
-+
-+ -+ -+

Preferences

Many details of Unison's behavior are configurable by user-settable -+``preferences.''
-+
-+Some preferences are boolean-valued; these are often called flags. -+Others take numeric or string arguments, indicated in the preferences -+list by n or xxx. Most of the string preferences can be -+given several times; the arguments are accumulated into a list -+internally.
-+
-+There are two ways to set the values of preferences: temporarily, by -+providing command-line arguments to a particular run of Unison, or -+permanently, by adding commands to a profile in the .unison -+directory on the client host. The order of preferences (either on the -+command line or in preference files) is not significant.
-+
-+To set the value of a preference p from the command line, add an -+argument -p (for a boolean flag) or -p n or -p xxx -+(for a numeric or string preference) anywhere on the command line. There -+is currently no way to set a boolean flag to false on the command -+line (all the boolean preferences default to false, so this is -+only a restriction if you've set one to true in your profile and want -+to reset it temporarily to false from the command line).
-+
-+Here are all the preferences supported by Unison. (This list can be -+ obtained by typing unison -help.) -+
-+
Usage: unison [options]
-+    or unison root1 root2 [options]
-+    or unison profilename [options]
-+
-+Options: 
-+  -addprefsto xxx     file to add new prefs to
-+  -addversionno       add version number to name of unison executable on server
-+  -auto               automatically accept default actions
-+  -backup xxx         add a regexp to the backup list
-+  -backups            keep backup copies of files (deprecated: use 'backup')
-+  -batch              batch mode: ask no questions at all
-+  -contactquietly      Suppress the 'contacting server' message during startup
-+  -debug xxx          debug module xxx ('all' -> everything, 'verbose' -> more)
-+  -doc xxx            show documentation ('-doc topics' lists topics)
-+  -dumbtty            do not try to change terminal settings in text UI
-+  -editor xxx         command for displaying the output of the merge program
-+  -fastcheck xxx      do fast update detection (`true', `false', or `default')
-+  -follow xxx         add a regexp to the follow list
-+  -force xxx          force changes from this replica to the other
-+  -group              synchronize group
-+  -height n           height (in lines) of main window in graphical interface
-+  -ignore xxx         add a regexp to the ignore list
-+  -ignorecase         ignore upper/lowercase spelling of filenames
-+  -ignorenot xxx      add a regexp to the ignorenot list
-+  -key xxx            define a keyboard shortcut for this profile
-+  -killserver         kill server when done (even when using sockets)
-+  -label xxx          provide a descriptive string label for this profile
-+  -log                record actions in file specified by logfile preference
-+  -logfile xxx        Log file name
-+  -maxbackups n       number of backed up versions of a file
-+  -merge xxx          command for merging conflicting files
-+  -merge2 xxx         command for merging files (when no common version exists)
-+  -numericids         don't map uid/gid values by user/group names
-+  -owner              synchronize owner
-+  -path xxx           path to synchronize
-+  -perms n            part of the permissions which is synchronized
-+  -prefer xxx         choose this replica's version for conflicting changes
-+  -root xxx           root of a replica
-+  -rootalias xxx      Register alias for canonical root names
-+  -rshargs xxx        other arguments (if any) for remote shell command
-+  -rshcmd xxx         path to the rsh executable
-+  -servercmd xxx      name of unison executable on remote server
-+  -silent             print nothing (except error messages)
-+  -socket xxx         act as a server on a socket
-+  -sortbysize         list changed files by size, not name
-+  -sortfirst xxx      add a regexp to the sortfirst list
-+  -sortlast xxx       add a regexp to the sortlast list
-+  -sortnewfirst       list new before changed files
-+  -sshcmd xxx         path to the ssh executable
-+  -statusdepth n      status display depth for local files
-+  -terse              suppress status messages
-+  -testserver         exit immediately after the connection to the server
-+  -times              synchronize modification times
-+  -ui xxx             select user interface ('text' or 'graphic')
-+  -version            print version and exit
-+  -xferbycopying      optimize transfers using local copies, if possible
-+
-+
-+Here, in more detail, are what they do. Many are discussed in even greater -+detail in other sections of the manual. -+
-+
-+addprefsto xxx
-+By default, new preferences added by Unison (e.g., new ignore clauses) will be appended to whatever preference file Unison was told to load at the beginning of the run. Setting the preference addprefsto filename makes Unison -+ add new preferences to the file named filename instead.
-+
-+ -+
addversionno
-+When this flag is set to true, Unison will use unison-currentversionnumber instead of just unison as the remote server command. This allows multiple binaries for different versions of unison to coexist conveniently on the same server: whichever version is run on the client, the same version will be selected on the server.
-+
-+ -+
auto
-+When set to true, this flag causes the user interface to skip asking for confirmations except for non-conflicting changes. (More precisely, when the user interface is done setting the propagation direction for one entry and is about to move to the next, it will skip over all non-conflicting entries and go directly to the next conflict.)
-+
-+ -+
backup xxx
-+Including the preference -backup pathspec causes Unison to make back up for each path that matches pathspec. More precisely, for each path that matches this pathspec, Unison will keep several old versions of a file as a backup whenever a change is propagated. These backup files are left in the directory specified by the environment variable UNISONBACKUPDIR (.unison/backup/ by default). The newest backed up copy willhave the same name as the original; older versions will be named with extensions .n.unibck. The number of versions that are kept is determined by the maxbackups preference.
-+
-+ The syntax of pathspec is described in the Path Specification section.
-+
-+ -+
backups
-+When this flag is true, Unison will keep the old version of a file as a backup whenever a change is propagated. These backup files are left in the same directory, with extension .bak. This flag is probably less useful for most users than the t backup flag.
-+
-+ -+
batch
-+When this is set to true, the user interface will ask no questions at all. Non-conflicting changes will be propagated; conflicts will be skipped.
-+
-+ -+
contactquietly
-+If this flag is set, Unison will skip displaying the `Contacting server' window (which some users find annoying) during startup.
-+
-+ -+
debug xxx
-+This preference is used to make Unison print various sorts of information about what it is doing internally on the standard error stream. It can be used many times, each time with the name of a module for which debugging information should be printed. Possible arguments for debug can be found by looking for calls to Util.debug in the sources (using, e.g., grep). Setting -debug all causes information from all modules to be printed (this mode of usage is the first one to try, if you are trying to understand something that Unison seems to be doing wrong); -debug verbose turns on some additional debugging output from some modules (e.g., it will show exactly what bytes are being sent across the network).
-+
-+ -+
diff xxx
-+This preference can be used to control the name (and command-line arguments) of the system utility used to generate displays of file differences. The default is `diff'. The diff program should expect two file names as arguments
-+
-+ -+
doc xxx
-+The command-line argument -doc secname causes unison to display section secname of the manual on the standard output and then exit. Use -doc all to display the whole manual, which includes exactly the same information as the printed and HTML manuals, modulo formatting. Use -doc topics to obtain a list of the names of the various sections that can be printed.
-+
-+ -+
dumbtty
-+When set to true, this flag makes the text mode user interface avoid trying to change any of the terminal settings. (Normally, Unison puts the terminal in `raw mode', so that it can do things like overwriting the current line.) This is useful, for example, when Unison runs in a shell inside of Emacs.
-+
-+When dumbtty is set, commands to the user interface need to be followed by a carriage return before Unison will execute them. (When it is off, Unison recognizes keystrokes as soon as they are typed.)
-+
-+This preference has no effect on the graphical user interface.
-+
-+ -+
editor xxx
-+This preference is used when unison wants to display the output of the merge program when its return value is not 0. User changes the file as he wants and then save it, unison will take this version for the synchronisation. By default the value is `emacs'.
-+
-+ -+
fastcheck xxx
-+When this preference is set to true, -+ Unison will use file creation times as `pseudo inode numbers' -+ when scanning replicas for updates, instead of reading the full contents of every file. Under Windows, this may cause Unison to miss propagating an update if the create time, modification time, and length of the file are all unchanged by the update (this is not easy to achieve, but it can be done). However, Unison will never overwrite such an update with a change from the other replica, since it always does a safe check for updates just before propagating a change. Thus, it is reasonable to use this switch under Windows most of the time and occasionally run Unison once with fastcheck set to -+ false, if you are worried that Unison may have overlooked an update. The default value of the preference is auto, which causes Unison to use fast checking on Unix replicas (where it is safe) and slow checking on Windows replicas. For backward compatibility, yes, no, and default can be used in place of true, false, and auto. See the Fast Checking section for more information.
-+
-+ -+
follow xxx
-+Including the preference -follow pathspec causes Unison to treat symbolic links matching pathspec as `invisible' and behave as if the object pointed to by the link had appeared literally at this position in the replica. See the Symbolic Links section for more details. The syntax of pathspec> is described in the Path Specification section.
-+
-+ -+
force xxx
-+Including the preference -force root causes Unison to resolve all differences (even non-conflicting changes) in favor of root. This effectively changes Unison from a synchronizer into a mirroring utility.
-+
-+You can also specify -force newer (or -force older) to force Unison to choose the file with the later (earlier) modtime. In this case, the -times preference must also be enabled.
-+
-+This preference should be used only if you are sure you know what you are doing!
-+
-+ -+
group
-+When this flag is set to true, the group attributes of the files are synchronized. Whether the group names or the group identifiers are synchronizeddepends on the preference numerids.
-+
-+ -+
height n
-+Used to set the height (in lines) of the main window in the graphical user interface.
-+
-+ -+
ignore xxx
-+Including the preference -ignore pathspec causes Unison to completely ignore paths that match pathspec (as well as their children). This is useful for avoiding synchronizing temporary files, object files, etc. The syntax of pathspec is described in the Path Specification section, and further details on ignoring paths is found in the Ignoring Paths section.
-+
-+ -+
ignorecase
-+When set to true, this flag causes Unison to use the Windows semantics for capitalization of filenames---i.e., files in the two replicas whose names differ in (upper- and lower-case) `spelling' are treated as the same file. This flag is set automatically when either host is running Windows. In rare circumstances it is also useful to set it manually (e.g. when running Unison on a Unix system with a FAT [Windows] volume mounted).
-+
-+ -+
ignorenot xxx
-+This preference overrides the preference ignore. -+ It gives a list of patterns -+ (in the same format as -+ ignore) for paths that should definitely not be ignored, -+ whether or not they happen to match one of the ignore patterns. -+
-+
-+Note that the semantics of t ignore and ignorenot is a -+ little counter-intuitive. When detecting updates, Unison examines -+ paths in depth-first order, starting from the roots of the replicas -+ and working downwards. Before examining each path, it checks whether -+ it matches t ignore and does not match t ignorenot; in this case -+ it skips this path and all its descendants. This means that, -+ if some parent of a given path matches an ignore pattern, then -+ it will be skipped even if the path itself matches an ignorenot -+ pattern. In particular, putting ignore = Path * in your profile -+ and then using t ignorenot to select particular paths to be -+ synchronized will not work. Instead, you should use the path -+ preference to choose particular paths to synchronize.
-+
-+ -+
key xxx
-+Used in a profile to define a numeric key (0-9) that can be used in the graphical user interface to switch immediately to this profile.
-+
-+ -+
killserver
-+When set to true, this flag causes Unison to kill the remote server process when the synchronization is finished. This behavior is the default for ssh connections, so this preference is not normally needed when running over ssh; it is provided so that socket-mode servers can be killed off after a single run of Unison, rather than waiting to accept future connections. (Some users prefer to start a remote socket server for each run of Unison, rather than leaving one running all the time.)
-+
-+ -+
label xxx
-+Used in a profile to provide a descriptive string documenting its settings. (This is useful for users that switch between several profiles, especially using the `fast switch' feature of the graphical user interface.)
-+
-+ -+
log
-+When this flag is set, Unison will log all changes to the filesystems -+ on a file.
-+
-+ -+
logfile xxx
-+By default, logging messages will be appended to the file -+ unison.log in your HOME directory. Set this preference if -+ you prefer another file.
-+
-+ -+
maxbackups n
-+This preference specifies the number of backup versions that will be kept by unison, for each path that matches the predicate backup. The default is 2.
-+
-+ -+
merge xxx
-+This preference can be used to run a merge program which will create a new version of the file with the last backup and the both replicas. This new version will be used for the synchronization. See the Merging Conflicting Versions section for further detail.
-+
-+ -+
merge2 xxx
-+This preference can be used to run a merge program which will create a new version of the file with the last backup and the both replicas. This new version will be used for the synchronization. See the Merging Conflicting Versions section for further detail.
-+
-+ -+
numericids
-+When this flag is set to true, groups and users are synchronized numerically, rather than by name.
-+
-+The special uid 0 and the special group 0 are never mapped via user/group names even if this preference is not set.
-+
-+ -+
owner
-+When this flag is set to true, the owner attributes of the files are synchronized. Whether the owner names or the owner identifiers are synchronizeddepends on the preference extttnumerids.
-+
-+ -+
path xxx
-+When no path preference is given, Unison will simply synchronize the two entire replicas, beginning from the given pair of roots. If one or more path preferences are given, then Unison will synchronize only these paths and their children. (This is useful for doing a fast synch of just one directory, for example.) Note that path preferences are intepreted literally---they are not regular expressions.
-+
-+ -+
perms n
-+The integer value of this preference is a mask indicating which permission bits should be synchronized. It is set by default to 0o1777: all bits but the set-uid and set-gid bits are synchronised (synchronizing theses latter bits can be a security hazard). If you want to synchronize all bits, you can set the value of this preference to -1.
-+
-+ -+
prefer xxx
-+Including the preference -prefer root causes Unison always to resolve conflicts in favor of root, rather than asking for guidance from the user. (The syntax of root is the same as for the root preference, plus the special values newer and older.)
-+
-+This preference should be used only if you are sure you know what you are doing!
-+
-+ -+
root xxx
-+Each use of this preference names the root of one of the replicas for Unison to synchronize. Exactly two roots are needed, so normal modes of usage are either to give two values for root in the profile, or to give no values in the profile and provide two on the command line. Details of the syntax of roots can be found in the Roots section.
-+
-+The two roots can be given in either order; Unison will sort them into a canonical order before doing anything else. It also tries to `canonize' the machine names and paths that appear in the roots, so that, if Unison is invoked later with a slightly different name for the same root, it will be able to locate the correct archives.
-+
-+ -+
rootalias xxx
-+When calculating the name of the archive files for a given pair of roots, Unison replaces any roots matching the left-hand side of any rootalias rule by the corresponding right-hand side.
-+
-+ -+
rshargs xxx
-+The string value of this preference will be passed as additional arguments (besides the host name and the name of the Unison executable on the remote system) to the ssh or rsh command used to invoke the remote server. (This option is used for passing arguments to both rsh or ssh---that's why its name is rshargs rather than sshargs.)
-+
-+ -+
rshcmd xxx
-+This preference can be used to explicitly set the name of the rsh executable (e.g., giving a full path name), if necessary.
-+
-+ -+
servercmd xxx
-+This preference can be used to explicitly set the name of the Unison executable on the remote server (e.g., giving a full path name), if necessary.
-+
-+ -+
silent
-+When this preference is set to true, the textual user interface will print nothing at all, except in the case of errors. Setting silent to true automatically sets the batch preference to true.
-+
-+ -+
sortbysize
-+When this flag is set, the user interface will list changed files by size (smallest first) rather than by name. This is useful, for example, for synchronizing over slow links, since it puts very large files at the end of the list where they will not prevent smaller files from being transferred quickly.
-+
-+This preference (as well as the other sorting flags, but not the sorting preferences that require patterns as arguments) can be set interactively and temporarily using the 'Sort' menu in the graphical user interface.
-+
-+ -+
sortfirst xxx
-+Each argument to sortfirst is a pattern pathspec, which describes a set of paths. Files matching any of these patterns will be listed first in the user interface. The syntax of pathspec is described in the Path Specification section.
-+
-+ -+
sortlast xxx
-+Similar to sortfirst, except that files matching one of these patterns will be listed at the very end.
-+
-+ -+
sortnewfirst
-+When this flag is set, the user interface will list newly created files before all others. This is useful, for example, for checking that newly created files are not `junk', i.e., ones that should be ignored or deleted rather than synchronized.
-+
-+ -+
sshcmd xxx
-+This preference can be used to explicitly set the name of the ssh executable (e.g., giving a full path name), if necessary.
-+
-+ -+
sshversion xxx
-+This preference can be used to control which version of ssh should be used to connect to the server. Legal values are 1 and 2, which will cause unison to try to use ssh1 orssh2 instead of just ssh to invoke ssh. The default value is empty, which will make unison use whatever version of ssh is installed as the default `ssh' command.
-+
-+ -+
statusdepth n
-+This preference suppresses the display of status messages -+ during update detection on the local machine for paths deeper than -+ the specified cutoff. -+ (Displaying too many local status messages can slow down update -+ detection somewhat.)
-+
-+ -+
terse
-+When this preference is set to true, the user interface will not print status messages.
-+
-+ -+
testserver
-+Setting this flag on the command line causes Unison to attempt to connect to the remote server and, if successful, print a message and immediately exit. Useful for debugging installation problems. Should not be set in preference files.
-+
-+ -+
times
-+When this flag is set to true, file modification times (but not directory modtimes) are propagated.
-+
-+ -+
ui xxx
-+This preference selects either the graphical or the textual user interface. Legal values are graphic or text.
-+
-+If the Unison executable was compiled with only a textual interface, this option has no effect. (The pre-compiled binaries are all compiled with both interfaces available.)
-+
-+ -+
version
-+Print the current version number and exit. (This option only makes sense on the command line.)
-+
-+ -+
xferbycopying
-+When this preference is set, Unison will try to avoid transferring file contents across the network by recognizing when a file with the required contents already exists in the target replica. This usually allows file moves to be propagated very quickly. The default value is exttttrue.
-+ -+ -+

Profiles

A profile is a text file that specifies permanent settings for -+roots, paths, ignore patterns, and other preferences, so that they do -+not need to be typed at the command line every time Unison is run. -+Profiles should reside in the .unison directory on the client -+machine. If Unison is started with just one argument name on -+the command line, it looks for a profile called name.prf in -+the .unison directory. If it is started with no arguments, it -+scans the .unison directory for files whose names end in -+.prf and offers a menu (provided that the Unison executable is compiled with the graphical user interface). If a file named default.prf is -+found, its settings will be offered as the default choices.
-+
-+To set the value of a preference p permanently, add to the -+appropriate profile a line of the form -+
-+        p = true
-+
-+for a boolean flag or -+
-+        p = <value>
-+
-+for a preference of any other type.
-+
-+Whitespaces around p and xxx are ignored. -+A profile may also include blank lines, and lines beginning -+with #; both kinds of lines are ignored.
-+
-+When Unison starts, it first reads the profile and then the command -+line, so command-line options will override settings from the -+profile.
-+
-+Profiles may also include lines of the form include -+ name, which will cause the file name (or -+name.prf, if name does not exist in the -+.unison directory) to be read at the point, and included as if -+its contents, instead of the include line, was part of the -+profile. Include lines allows settings common to several profiles to -+be stored in one place.
-+
-+A profile may include a preference `label = desc' to -+provide a description of the options selected in this profile. The -+string desc is listed along with the profile name in the profile -+selection dialog, and displayed in the top-right corner of the main -+Unison window in the graphical user interface.
-+
-+The graphical user-interface also supports one-key shortcuts for commonly -+used profiles. If a profile contains a preference of the form -+`key = n', where n is a single digit, then -+pressing this digit key will cause Unison to immediately switch to -+this profile and begin synchronization again from scratch. In this -+case, all actions that have been selected for a set of changes -+currently being displayed will be discarded.
-+
-+ -+ -+

Sample Profiles

-+ -+

A Minimal Profile

Here is a very minimal profile file, such as might be found in .unison/default.prf: -+
-+    # Roots of the synchronization
-+    root = /home/bcpierce
-+    root = ssh://saul//home/bcpierce
-+
-+    # Paths to synchronize 
-+    path = current
-+    path = common
-+    path = .netscape/bookmarks.html
-+
-+ -+

A Basic Profile

Here is a more sophisticated profile, illustrating some other useful -+features. -+
-+    # Roots of the synchronization
-+    root = /home/bcpierce
-+    root = ssh://saul//home/bcpierce
-+
-+    # Paths to synchronize 
-+    path = current
-+    path = common
-+    path = .netscape/bookmarks.html
-+
-+    # Some regexps specifying names and paths to ignore
-+    ignore = Name temp.*
-+    ignore = Name *~
-+    ignore = Name .*~
-+    ignore = Path */pilot/backup/Archive_*
-+    ignore = Name *.o
-+    ignore = Name *.tmp
-+
-+    # Window height
-+    height = 37
-+
-+    # Keep a backup copy of the entire replica
-+    backup = Name *
-+
-+    # Use this command for displaying diffs
-+    diff = diff -y -W 79 --suppress-common-lines
-+
-+    # Log actions to the terminal
-+    log = true
-+
-+ -+

A Power-User Profile

When Unison is used with large replicas, it is often convenient to be -+able to synchronize just a part of the replicas on a given run (this -+saves the time of detecting updates in the other parts). This can be -+accomplished by splitting up the profile into several parts --- a common -+part containing most of the preference settings, plus one ``top-level'' -+file for each set of paths that need to be synchronized. (The include mechanism can also be used to allow the same set of preference -+settings to be used with different roots.)
-+
-+The collection -+of profiles implementing this scheme might look as follows. -+The file default.prf is empty except for an include -+directive: -+
-+    # Include the contents of the file common
-+    include common
-+
-+Note that the name of the common file is common, not common.prf; this prevents Unison from offering common as one of -+the list of profiles in the opening dialog (in the graphical UI).
-+
-+The file common contains the real preferences: -+
-+    # (... other preferences ...)
-+
-+    # If any new preferences are added by Unison (e.g. 'ignore'
-+    # preferences added via the graphical UI), then store them in the
-+    # file 'common' rathen than in the top-level preference file
-+    addprefsto = common
-+
-+    # regexps specifying names and paths to ignore
-+    ignore = Name temp.*
-+    ignore = Name *~
-+    ignore = Name .*~
-+    ignore = Path */pilot/backup/Archive_*
-+    ignore = Name *.o
-+    ignore = Name *.tmp
-+
-+Note that there are no path preferences in common. This -+means that, when we invoke Unison with the default profile (e.g., by -+typing 'unison default' or just 'unison' on the command -+line), the whole replicas will be synchronized. (If we never want -+to synchronize the whole replicas, then default.prf would instead -+include settings for all the paths that are usually synchronized.)
-+
-+To synchronize just part of the replicas, Unison is invoked with an -+alternate preference file---e.g., doing 'unison papers', where the -+preference file papers.prf contains -+
-+    path = current/papers
-+    path = older/papers
-+    include common
-+
-+causes Unison to synchronize just the subdirectories current/papers -+and older/papers.
-+
-+The key preference can be used in combination with the graphical UI -+to quickly switch between different sets of paths. For example, if the -+file mail.prf contains -+
-+    path = Mail
-+    batch = true
-+    key = 2
-+    include common
-+
-+then pressing 2 will cause Unison to look for updates in the Mail -+subdirectory and (because the batch flag is set) immediately -+propagate any that it finds.
-+
-+ -+ -+

Keeping Backups

Unison can maintain full backups of the last-synchronized versions of -+some of the files in each replica; these function both as backups in the -+usual sense and as the ``common version'' when invoking external merge -+programs.
-+
-+The backed up files are stored in a directory ~/.unison/backup on -+each host. The name of this directory can be changed by setting the -+environment variable UNISONBACKUPDIR. -+Files are added to the backup directory whenever unison updates its -+archive. This means that -+
    -+
  • -+When unison reconstructs its archive from scratch (e.g., -+ because of an upgrade, or because the archive files have been -+ manually deleted), all files will be backed up. -+ -+
  • Otherwise, each file will be backed up the first time unison -+ propagates an update for it. -+
-+It is safe to manually delete files from the backup directory (or to -+throw away the directory itself). Before unison uses any of these files -+for anything important, it checks that its fingerprint matches the one -+that it expects.
-+
-+The preference backup controls which files are actually backed -+up: for example, giving the preference `backup = Path *' causes -+backing up of all files. The preference backupversions -+controls how many previous versions of each file are kept. The -+default is value 2 (i.e., the last synchronized version plus one backup). -+For backward compatibility, the backups preference is also -+still supported, but backup is now preferred.
-+
-+ -+ -+

Merging Conflicting Versions

Both user interfaces offer a `merge' command that can be used to -+interactively merge conflicting versions of a file. It is invoked by -+selecting a conflicting file and pressing `m'.
-+
-+The actual merging is performed by an external program. The -+preferences merge and merge2 control how this program is -+invoked. If a backup exists for this file (see the backup -+preference), then the merge preference is used for this -+purpose; otherwise merge2 is used. In both cases, the value of -+the preference should be a string representing the command that should -+be passed to a shell to invoke the merge program. Within this string, -+the special substrings CURRENT1, CURRENT2, NEW, -+and OLD may appear at any point. Unison will substitute these -+substrings as follows before invoking the command: -+
    -+
  • -+CURRENT1 is replaced by the name of the -+ local copy of the file; -+ -+
  • CURRENT2 is replaced by the name of a temporary -+ file, into which the contents of the remote copy of the file have -+ been transferred by Unison prior to performing the merge; -+ -+
  • NEW is replaced by the name of a temporary file -+ that Unison expects to be written by the merge program when it -+ finishes, giving the desired new contents of the file; and -+ -+
  • OLD is replaced by the name of the backed up copy -+ of the original version of the file (i.e., its state at the end of -+ the last successful run of Unison), if one exists. Substitution of -+ OLD applies only to merge, not merge2). -+
-+For example, on Unix systems setting the merge preference to -+
-+   merge = diff3 -m CURRENT1 OLD CURRENT2 > NEW
-+
-+will tell Unison to use the external diff3 program for merging. -+A large number of external merging programs are available. For example, -+emacs users may find the following settings convenient: -+
-+    merge2 = emacs -q --eval '(ediff-merge-files "CURRENT1" "CURRENT2" 
-+               nil "NEW")' 
-+    merge = emacs -q --eval '(ediff-merge-files-with-ancestor 
-+               "CURRENT1" "CURRENT2" "OLD" nil "NEW")' 
-+
-+(These commands are displayed here on two lines to avoid running off the -+edge of the page. In your preference file, each command should be written on a -+single line.)
-+
-+If the external program exits without leaving any file at the path -+NEW, Unison considers the merge to have failed. If the merge -+program writes a file called NEW but exits with a non-zero status -+code, then Unison considers the merge to have succeeded but to have -+generated conflicts. In this case, it attempts to invoke an external -+editor so that the user can resolve the conflicts. The value of the -+editor preference controls what editor is invoked by Unison. The -+default is emacs.
-+
-+
-+Please send us suggestions for other useful values of the -+merge2 and merge preferences---we'd like to give several -+examples in the manual.) -+
-+ -+

The User Interface

Both the textual and the graphical user interfaces are intended to be -+mostly self-explanatory. Here are just a few tricks: -+
    -+
  • -+By default, when running on Unix the textual user interface will -+try to put the terminal into the ``raw mode'' so that it reads the input a -+character at a time rather than a line at a time. (This means you can -+type just the single keystroke ``>'' to tell Unison to -+propagate a file from left to right, rather than ``> Enter.'')
    -+
    -+There are some situations, though, where this will not work --- for -+example, when Unison is running in a shell window inside Emacs. -+Setting the dumbtty preference will force Unison to leave the -+terminal alone and process input a line at a time. -+
-+ -+

Exit code

When running in the textual mode, Unison returns an exit status, which -+describes whether, and at which level, the synchronization was successful. -+The exit status could be useful when Unison is invoked from a script. -+Currently, there are four possible values for the exit status: -+
    -+
  • -+0: successful synchronization; everything is up-to-date now. -+ -+
  • 1: some files were skipped, but all file transfers were successful. -+ -+
  • 2: non-fatal failures occurred during file transfer. -+ -+
  • 3: a fatal error occurred, or the execution was interrupted. -+
The graphical interface does not return any useful information through the -+exit status.
-+
-+ -+ -+

Path specification

-+Several Unison preferences (e.g., ignore/ignorenot, -+follow, sortfirst/sortlast, backup) -+specify individual paths or sets of paths. These preferences share a -+common syntax based on regular-expressions. Each preference -+is associated with a list of path patterns; the paths specified are those -+that match any one of the path pattern.
-+
-+
    -+
  • -+Pattern preferences can be given on the command line, -+ or, more often, stored in profiles, using the same syntax as other preferences. -+ For example, a profile line of the form -+
    -+             ignore = pattern
-+
    -+adds pattern to the list of patterns to be ignored.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • Each pattern can have one of three forms. The most -+general form is a Posix extended regular expression introduced by the -+keyword Regex. (The collating sequences and character classes of -+full Posix regexps are not currently supported). -+
    -+                 Regex regexp
-+
    -+For convenience, two other styles of pattern are also recognized: -+
    -+                 Name name
-+
    -+matches any path in which the last component matches name, while -+
    -+                 Path path
-+
    -+matches exactly the path path. -+The name and path arguments of the latter forms of -+patterns are not regular expressions. Instead, -+standard ``globbing'' conventions can be used in name and -+path: -+
      -+
    • -+a ? matches any single character except / -+ -+
    • a * matches any sequence of characters not including / -+ -+
    • [xyz] matches any character from the set {x, -+ y, z } -+ -+
    • {a,bb,ccc} matches any one of a, bb, or -+ ccc. -+
    -+ -+
  • -+The path separator in path patterns is always the -+forward-slash character ``/'' --- even when the client or server is -+running under Windows, where the normal separator character is a -+backslash. This makes it possible to use the same set of path -+patterns for both Unix and Windows file systems. -+
Some examples of path patterns appear in the Ignoring -+ Paths section.
-+
-+ -+ -+

Ignoring Paths

Most users of Unison will find that their replicas contain lots of -+files that they don't ever want to synchronize --- temporary files, -+very large files, old stuff, architecture-specific binaries, etc. -+They can instruct Unison to ignore these paths using patterns -+introduced in the Path Patterns section.
-+
-+For example, the following pattern will make Unison ignore any -+path containing the name CVS or a name ending in .cmo: -+
-+             ignore = Name {CVS,*.cmo}
-+
-+The next pattern makes Unison ignore the path a/b: -+
-+             ignore = Path a/b
-+
-+This pattern makes Unison ignore any path beginning with a/b -+and ending with a name ending by .ml. -+
-+             ignore = Regex a/b/.*\.ml
-+
-+Note that regular expression patterns are ``anchored'': they must -+match the whole path, not just a substring of the path.
-+
-+Here are a few extra points regarding the ignore preference. -+
    -+
  • -+If a directory is ignored, all its descendents will be too. -+ -+ -+
  • The user interface provides some convenient commands for adding -+ new patterns to be ignored. To ignore a particular file, select it -+ and press ``i''. To ignore all files with the same extension, -+ select it and press ``E'' (with the shift key). To ignore all -+ files with the same name, no matter what directory they appear in, -+ select it and press ``N''. -+These new patterns become permanent: they -+are immediately added to the current profile on disk.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • If you use the include directive to include a common -+collection of preferences in several top-level preference files, you will -+probably also want to set the addprefsto preference to the name of -+this file. This will cause any new ignore patterns that you add from -+inside Unison to be appended to this file, instead of whichever top-level -+preference file you started Unison with.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • Ignore patterns can also be specified on the command line, if -+you like (this is probably not very useful), using an option like -+-ignore 'Name temp.txt'. -+
-+ -+

Symbolic Links

Ordinarily, Unison treats symbolic links in Unix replicas as -+``opaque'': it considers the contents of the link to be just the -+string specifying where the link points, and it will propagate changes in -+this string to the other replica.
-+
-+It is sometimes useful to treat a symbolic link ``transparently,'' -+acting as though whatever it points to were physically in the -+replica at the point where the symbolic link appears. To tell Unison -+to treat a link in this manner, add a line of the form -+
-+             follow = pathspec
-+
-+to the profile, where pathspec is a path pattern as described in -+the Path Patterns section.
-+
-+Windows file systems do not support symbolic links; Unison will refuse -+to propagate an opaque symbolic link from Unix to Windows and flag the -+path as erroneous. When a Unix replica is to be synchronized with a -+Windows system, all symbolic links should match either an -+ignore pattern or a follow pattern.
-+
-+ -+ -+

Permissions

Synchronizing the permission bits of files is slightly tricky when two -+different filesytems are involved (e.g., when synchronizing a Windows -+client and a Unix server). In detail, here's how it works: -+
    -+
  • -+When the permission bits of an existing file or directory are -+changed, the values of those bits that make sense on both -+operating systems will be propagated to the other replica. The other -+bits will not be changed. -+ -+
  • When a newly created file is propagated to a remote replica, the -+permission bits that make sense in both operating systems are also -+propagated. The values of the other bits are set to default values -+(they are taken from the current umask, if the receiving host is a -+Unix system). -+ -+
  • For security reasons, the Unix setuid and setgid -+bits are not propagated. -+ -+
  • The Unix owner and group ids are not propagated. (What would -+this mean, in general?) All files are created with the owner and -+group of the server process. -+
-+ -+

Cross-Platform Synchronization

If you use Unison to synchronize files between Windows and Unix -+systems, there are a few special issues to be aware of.
-+
-+Case conflicts. In Unix, filenames are case sensitive: -+foo and FOO can refer to different files. In -+Windows, on the other hand, filenames are not case sensitive: -+foo and FOO can only refer to the same file. This -+means that a Unix foo and FOO cannot be synchronized -+onto a Windows system --- Windows won't allow two different files to -+have the ``same'' name. Unison detects this situation for you, and -+reports that it cannot synchronize the files.
-+
-+You can deal with a case conflict in a couple of ways. If you need to -+have both files on the Windows system, your only choice is to rename -+one of the Unix files to avoid the case conflict, and re-synchronize. -+If you don't need the files on the Windows system, you can simply -+disregard Unison's warning message, and go ahead with the -+synchronization; Unison won't touch those files. If you don't want to -+see the warning on each synchronization, you can tell Unison to ignore -+the files (see the Ignore section).
-+
-+Illegal filenames. Unix allows some filenames that are -+illegal in Windows. For example, colons (`:') are not allowed in -+Windows filenames, but they are legal in Unix filenames. This means -+that a Unix file foo:bar can't be synchronized to a Windows -+system. As with case conflicts, Unison detects this situation for -+you, and you have the same options: you can either rename the Unix -+file and re-synchronize, or you can ignore it.
-+
-+ -+ -+

Slow Links

Unison is built to run well even over relatively slow links such as -+modems and DSL connections.
-+
-+Unison uses the ``rsync protocol'' designed by Andrew Tridgell and Paul -+Mackerras to greatly speed up transfers of large files in which only -+small changes have been made. More information about the rsync protocol -+can be found at the rsync web site (http://samba.anu.edu.au/rsync/).
-+
-+If you are using Unison with ssh, you may get some speed -+improvement by enabling ssh's compression feature. Do this by -+adding the option ``-rshargs -C'' to the command line or ``rshargs = -C'' to your profile.
-+
-+ -+ -+

Fast Update Detection

If your replicas are large and at least one of them is on a Windows -+system, you may find that Unison's default method for detecting changes -+(which involves scanning the full contents of every file on every -+sync---the only completely safe way to do it under Windows) is too slow. -+Unison provides a preference fastcheck that, when set to -+yes, causes it to use file creation times as 'pseudo inode -+numbers' when scanning replicas for updates, instead of reading the full -+contents of every file.
-+
-+When fastcheck is set to no, -+Unison will perform slow checking---re-scanning the contents of each file -+on each synchronization---on all replicas. When fastcheck is set -+to default (which, naturally, is the default), Unison will use -+fast checks on Unix replicas and slow checks on Windows replicas.
-+
-+This strategy may cause Unison to miss propagating an update if the -+create time, modification time, and length of the file are all unchanged -+by the update (this is not easy to achieve, but it can be done). -+However, Unison will never overwrite such an update with a change -+from the other replica, since it always does a safe check for updates -+just before propagating a change. Thus, it is reasonable to use this -+switch most of the time and occasionally run Unison once with fastcheck set to no, if you are worried that Unison may have -+overlooked an update.
-+
-+ -+ -+

Click-starting Unison

On Windows NT/2k systems, the graphical version of Unison can be -+invoked directly by clicking on its icon. On Windows 95/98 systems, -+click-starting also works, as long as you are not using ssh. -+Due to an incompatibility with ocaml and Windows 95/98 that is not -+under our control, you must start Unison from a DOS window in Windows -+95/98 if you want to use ssh.
-+
-+When you click on the Unison icon, two windows will be created: -+Unison's regular window, plus a console window, which is used only for -+giving your password to ssh (if you do not use ssh to connect, you can -+ignore this window). When your password is requested, you'll need to -+activate the console window (e.g., by clicking in it) before typing. -+If you start Unison from a DOS window, Unison's regular window will -+appear and you will type your password in the DOS window you were -+using.
-+
-+To use Unison in this mode, you must first create a profile (see -+the Profile section). Use your favorite editor for this.
-+
-+
-+ -+

Advice

-+ -+

Frequently Asked Questions

(See the Common Problems section and the Tips -+ and Tricks section for further suggestions.)
-+
-+
    -+
  • -+What are the differences between Unison and rsync?
    -+
    -+Rsync is a mirroring tool; Unison is a synchronizer. That is, rsync -+needs to be told ``this replica contains the true versions of all the -+files; please make the other replica look exactly the same.'' Unison -+is capable of recognizing updates in both replicas and deciding which way -+they should be propagated.
    -+
    -+Both Unison and rsync use the so-called ``rsync algorithm,'' by Andrew -+Tridgell and Paul Mackerras, for performing updates. This algorithm -+streamlines updates in small parts of large files by transferring only -+the parts that have changed.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • What are the differences between Unison and CVS?
    -+
    -+Both CVS and Unison can be used to keep a remote replica of a -+directory structure up to date with a central repository. Both are -+capable of propagating updates in both directions and recognizing -+conflicting updates. Both use the rsync protocol for file transfer.
    -+
    -+Unison's main advantage is being somewhat more automatic and easier to -+use, especially on large groups of files. CVS requires manual -+notification whenever files are added or deleted. Moving files is a -+bit tricky. And if you decide to move a directory... well, heaven -+help you.
    -+
    -+CVS, on the other hand, is a full-blown version control system, and it -+has lots of other features (version history, multiple branches, -+etc.) that Unison (which is just a file synchronizer) doesn't have.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • Is it OK to mount my remote filesystem using NFS and -+ run unison locally, or should I run a remote server process?
    -+
    -+NFS-mounting the replicas is fine, as long as the local network is -+fast enough. Unison needs to read a lot of files (in particular, it -+needs to check the last-modified time of every file in the repository -+every time it runs), so if the link bandwidth is low then running a -+remote server is much better.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • When I run Unison on Windows, it creates two different -+ windows, the main user interface and a blank console window. Is -+ there any way to get rid of the second one?
    -+
    -+The extra console window is there for ssh to use to get your password. -+Unfortunately, in the present version of unison the window will appear -+whether you're using ssh or not.
    -+
    -+Karl Moerder contributed some scripts that he uses to make the command -+window a bit more attractive. He starts unison from a shortcut to a -+.cmd file. This lets him control the attributes of the command -+window, making it small and gray and centering the passphrase request. -+His scripts can be found at -+http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~bcpierce/unison/download/resources/karls-winhax.zip.
    -+
    -+It is also possible to get rid of the window entirely (for users that -+only want socket mode connections) by playing games with icons. -+If you make a symbolic link to the executable, you can edit the -+properties box to make this window come up iconic. That way when you -+click on the link, you seem to just get a unison window (except on the -+task bar, where the text window shows).
    -+
    -+ -+
  • Will unison behave correctly if used transitively? That is, -+ if I synchronize both between host1:dir and host2:dir and -+ between host2:dir and host3:dir at different times? Are -+ there any problems if the ``connectivity graph'' has loops?
    -+
    -+This mode of usage will work fine. As far as each ``host pair'' is -+concerned, filesystem updates made by Unison when synchronizing any other -+pairs of hosts are exactly the same as ordinary user changes to the -+filesystem. So if a file started out having been modified on just one -+machine, then every time Unison is run on a pair of hosts where one has -+heard about the change and the other hasn't will result in the change -+being propagated to the other host. Running unison between machines -+where both have already heard about the change will leave that file -+alone. So, no matter what the connectivity graph looks like (as long as -+it is not partitioned), eventually everyone will agree on the new value -+of the file.
    -+
    -+The only thing to be careful of is changing the file again on the first -+machine (or, in fact, any other machine) before all the machines have -+heard about the first change -- this can result in Unison reporting -+conflicting changes to the file, which you'll then have to resolve by -+hand.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • What will happen if I try to synchronize a special file (e.g., -+something in /dev, /proc, etc.)?
    -+
    -+Unison will refuse to synchronize such files. It only understands -+ordinary files, directories, and symlinks.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • Is it OK to run several copies of Unison concurrently?
    -+
    -+Unison is built to handle this case, but this functionality has not been -+extensively tested. Keep your eyes open.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • What will happen if I do a local (or NFS, etc.) sync and some -+ file happens to be part of both replicas?
    -+
    -+It will look to Unison as though somebody else has been modifying the -+files it is trying to synchronize, and it will fail (safely) on these -+files.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • What happens if Unison gets killed while it is working? Do I -+ have to kill it nicely, or can I use kill -9? What if the network -+ goes down during a synchronization? What if one machine crashes but -+ the other keeps running?
    -+
    -+Don't worry; be happy. See the Invariants section.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • What about race conditions when both Unison and some other -+ program or user are both trying to write to a file at exactly the same -+ moment?
    -+
    -+Unison works hard to make these ``windows of danger'' as short as -+possible, but they cannot be eliminated completely.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • The Unix file locking mechanism doesn't work very well under -+ NFS. Is this a problem for Unison?
    -+
    -+No.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • On Windows systems, it looks like the root preferences -+ are specified using backslashes, but path and ignore -+ preferences are specified with forward slashes. What's up with that?
    -+
    -+Unison uses two sorts of paths: native filesystem paths, which use the -+syntax of the host filesystem, and ``portable'' paths relative to the -+roots of the replicas, which always use / to separate the path -+components. Roots are native filesystem paths; the others are -+root-relative.
-+ -+

Common Problems

If you're having problems with Unison, the suggestions in this section -+may help.
-+
-+A general recommendation is that, if you've gotten into a state you don't -+understand, deleting the archive files on both replicas (files with names -+like arNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN in the .unison directory) will return -+you to a blank slate. If the replicas are identical, then deleting the -+archives is always safe. If they are not identical, then deleting the -+archives will cause all files that exist on one side but not the other to -+be copied, and will report conflicts for all non-identical files that -+do exist on both sides.
-+
-+(If you think the behavior you're observing is an actual bug, -+then you might consider moving the archives to somewhere else -+instead of deleting them, so that you can try to replicate the bad -+behavior and tell us what more clearly happened.)
-+
-+
    -+
  • -+The text mode user interface fails with -+``Uncaught exception Sys_blocked_io'' when running over ssh2.
    -+
    -+The problem here is that ssh2 puts its standard file descriptors into -+non-blocking mode. But unison and ssh share the same stderr (so that -+error messages from the server are displayed), and the nonblocking -+setting interferes with Unison's interaction with the user. This can be -+corrected by redirecting the stderr when invoking Unison: -+
    -+     unison -ui text <other args> 2>/dev/tty
-+
    -+(The redirection syntax is a bit shell-specific. On some shells, e.g., -+ csh and tcsh, you may need to write -+
    -+   unison -ui text <other args>  > & /dev/tty
-+
    -+instead.)
    -+
    -+ -+
  • What does the following mean? -+
    -+    Propagating updates [accounting/fedscwh3qt2000.wb3]
-+    failed: error in renaming locally:
-+    /DANGER.README: permission denied
-+
    It means that unison is having trouble creating the temporary file -+DANGER.README, which it uses as a "commit log" for operations (such as -+renaming its temporary file accounting/fedscwh3qt2000.wb3.unison.tmp to -+the real location accounting/fedscwh3qt2000.wb3) that may leave the -+filesystem in a bad state if they are interrupted in the middle. This is -+pretty unlikely, since the rename operation happens fast, but it is -+possible; if it happens, the commit log will be left around and Unison -+will notice (and tell you) the next time it runs that the consistency of -+that file needs to be checked.
    -+
    -+The specific problem here is that Unison is trying to create -+DANGER.README in the directory specified by your HOME environment -+variable, which seems to be set to /, where you do not have write -+permission.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • The command line -+
    -+     unison work ssh://remote.dcs.ed.ac.uk/work
-+
    -+fails, with ``fatal error: could not connect to server.'' -+But when I connect directly with ssh remote.dcs.ed.ac.uk/work, -+I see that my PATH variable is correctly set, and the unison -+executable is found.
    -+
    -+In the first case, Unison is using ssh to execute a command, and -+in the second, it is giving you an interactive remote shell. Under -+some ssh configurations, these two use different startup sequences. -+You can test whether this is the problem here by trying, e.g., -+
    -+    ssh remote.dcs.ed.ac.uk 'echo $PATH'
-+
    -+and seeing whether your PATH is the same as when you do -+
    -+    ssh remote.dcs.ed.ac.uk 
-+    [give password and wait for connection]
-+    echo $PATH
-+
    This seems to be controlled by the configuration of ssh, but we have -+not understood all the details---if someone does, please let us know.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • I'm having trouble getting unison working with openssh -+ under Windows. Any suggestions? -+ -+ Antony Courtney -+ contributed the following comment. -+
    -+ I ran in to some difficulties trying to use this ssh client with -+ Unison, and tracked down at least one of the problems. I thought -+ I'd share my experiences, and provide a 'known good' solution for -+ other users who might want to use this Windows / Unison / ssh / -+ Cygwin combination. -+ -+ If you launch Unison from bash, it fails (at least for me). -+ Running unison_win32-gtkui.exe, I get a dialog box that -+ reads: -+
    -+        Fatal error: Error in checkServer: Broken pipe [read()]
-+
    -+ and a message is printed to stderr in the bash window that reads: -+
    -+        ssh: unison_win32-gtkui.exe: no address associated with hostname.
-+
    -+ My guess is that this is caused by some incompatibility between -+ the Ocaml Win32 library routines and Cygwin with regard to setting -+ up argv[] for child processes. -+
    The solution is to launch Unison from a DOS command prompt instead; -+or see section 5.18.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • When I use ssh to log into the server, everything looks fine -+ (and I can see the Unison binary in my path). -+ But when I do 'ssh <server> unison' it fails. Why?
    -+
    -+[Thanks to Nick Phillips for the following explanation.]
    -+
    -+It's simple. If you start ssh, enter your password etc. and then end up -+in a shell, you have a login shell.
    -+
    -+If you do "ssh myhost.com unison" then unison is not run in a login shell.
    -+
    -+This means that different shell init scripts are used, and most people seem -+to have their shell init scripts set up all wrong.
    -+
    -+With bash, for example, your .bash_profile only gets used if -+you start -+a login shell. This usually means that you've logged in on the system console, -+on a terminal, or remotely. If you start an xterm from the command line -+you won't get a login shell in it. If you start a command remotely from -+the ssh or rsh command line you also won't get a login shell to run it in -+(this is of course a Good Thing -- you may want to run interactive commands -+from it, for example to ask what type of terminal they're using today).
    -+
    -+If people insist on setting their PATH in their -+.bash_profile, then they -+should probably do at least one of the following: -+
      -+
    1. -+ -+ -+stop it; -+ -+
    2. -+read the bash manual, section "INVOCATION"; -+ -+
    3. -+set their path in their .bashrc; -+ -+
    4. -+get their sysadmin to set a sensible system-wide default path; -+ -+
    5. -+ source their .bash_profile from their .bashrc ... -+
    -+It's pretty similar for most shells.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • Unison crashes with an ``out of memory'' error when used to -+ synchronize really huge directories (e.g., with hundreds of thousands -+ of files).
    -+
    -+You may need to increase your maximum stack size. On Linux and Solaris -+systems, for example, you can do this using the ulimit command (see -+the bash documentation for details).
    -+
    -+ -+
  • Unison seems to be unable to copy a single really huge file. -+ I get something like this: -+
    -+    Error in querying file information:
-+    Value too large for defined data type [lstat(...)]
-+
    This is a limitation in the OCaml interface to the Unix system calls. -+(The problem is that the OCaml library uses 32-bit integers to represent -+file positions. The maximal positive 'int' in OCaml is about 2.1E9. We -+hope that the OCaml team will someday provide an alternative interface -+that uses 64-bit integers.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • Why does unison run so slowly the first time I start it?
    -+
    -+On the first synchronization, unison doesn't have any ``memory'' of what -+your replicas used to look like, so it has to go through, fingerprint -+every file, transfer the fingerprints across the network, and compare -+them to what's on the other side. Having done this once, it stashes away -+the information so that in future runs almost all of the work can be done -+locally on each side.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • I can't seem to override the paths selected in the profile by -+ using a -path argument on the command line.
    -+
    -+Right: the path preference is additive (each use adds an entry to -+the list of paths within the replicas that Unison will try to -+synchronize), and there is no way to remove entries once they have gotten -+into this list. The solution is to split your preference file into -+different ``top-level'' files containing different sets of path -+preferences and make them all include a common preference file to avoid -+repeating the non-path preferences. See the Profile -+ Examples section for a complete example.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • I can't seem to override the roots selected in the profile by -+ listing the roots on the command line. I get ``Fatal error: Wrong -+ number of roots (2 expected; 4 provided).''
    -+
    -+Roots should be provided either in the preference file or on -+the command line, not both. See the Profile -+ Examples section for further advice.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • I am trying to compile unison 2.7.7 using OCaml 3.04. I get ``Values do not match'' error. -+ -+ Unison 2.7.7 compiles with Ocaml 3.02. Later versions of OCaml, -+ include version 3.04, require by default all parameter labels for -+ function calls if they are declared in the interface. Adding the -+ compilation option ``-nolabels'' (by inserting a line -+ ``CAMLFLAGS+=-nolabels'' to the file named ``Makefile.OCaml'') -+ should solve the problem. To compile the graphical user interface for Unison 2.7.7, use LablGtk 1.1.2 instead of LablGtk 1.1.3.
-+ -+

Tricks and Tips

    -+
  • -+Is it possible to run Unison from inetd (the Unix -+ internet services daemon)?
    -+
    -+We haven't tried this ourselves, but Toby Johnson has contributed a -+detailed -+chroot -+ min-HOWTO describing how to do it. (Yan Seiner wrote an earlier -+howto, -+on which Toby's is based.)
    -+
    -+ -+
  • Is there a way to get Unison not to prompt me for a -+ password every time I run it (e.g., so that I can run it every -+ half hour from a shell script)? -+ -+ It's actually ssh that's asking for the password. If you're -+ running the Unison client on a Unix system, you should check out the -+ 'ssh-agent' facility in ssh. If you do -+
    -+      ssh-agent bash
-+
    -+ (or ssh-agent startx, when you first log in) it will start you a -+ shell (or an X Windows session) in which all processes and -+ sub-processes are part of the same ssh-authorization group. If, inside -+ any shell belonging to this authorization group, you run the ssh-add program, it will prompt you once for a password and -+ then remember it for the duration of the bash session. You can then -+ use Unison over ssh---or even run it repeatedly from a shell -+ script---without giving your password again.
    -+
    -+ It may also be possible to configure ssh so that it does not -+ require any password: just enter an empty password when you create a -+ pair of keys. If you think it is safe enough to keep your private key -+ unencrypted on your client machine, this solution should work even -+ under Windows.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • Is there a way, under Windows, to click-start Unison and make -+ it synchronize according to a particular profile?
    -+
    -+Greg Sullivan sent us the following useful trick:
    -+
    -+
    -+In order to make syncing a particular profile ``clickable'' from the -+Win98 desktop, when the profile uses ssh, you need to create a .bat file that contains nothing but ``unison profile-name'' -+(assuming unison.exe is in the PATH). I first tried the -+``obvious'' strategy of creating a shortcut on the desktop with the -+actual command line ``unison profile, but that hangs. The .bat file trick works, though, because it runs command.com and -+then invokes the .bat file. -+
    -+
  • Can Unison be used with SSH's port forwarding features?
    -+
    -+Mark Thomas says the following procedure works for him: -+
    -+After having problems with unison spawning a command line ssh in Windows -+I noticed that unison also supports a socket mode of communication (great -+software!) so I tried the port forwarding feature of ssh using a -+graphical SSH terminal TTSSH: -+
    -+http://www.zip.com.au/~roca/ttssh.html -+
    To use unison I start TTSHH with port forwarding enabled and login to -+the Linux box where the unison server (unison -socket xxxx) is -+started automatically. In windows I just run unison and -+connect to localhost (unison socket://localhost:xxxx/ ...) -+
    -+
  • How can I use Unison from a laptop whose hostname changes -+ depending on where it is plugged into the network?
    -+
    -+See the discussion of the rootalias preference in -+the Archive Files section.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • It's annoying that (on Unix systems) I have to type an ssh -+ passphrase into a console window, rather than being asked for it in a -+ dialog box. Is there a better way?
    -+
    -+We have some ideas about how this might be done (by allocating a PTY and -+using it to talk to ssh), but we haven't implemented them yet. If you'd -+like to have a crack at it, we'd be glad to discuss ideas and incorporate -+patches.
    -+
    -+In the meantime, tmb has contributed a script that uses expectk to -+do what's needed. It's available at -+http://www.cis.upenn.edu/ bcpierce/unison/download/resources/expectk-startup.
-+ -+

Installing Ssh

Your local host will need just an ssh client; the remote host needs an -+ssh server (or daemon), which is available on Unix -+systems.2 -+Unison is known to work with ssh version 1.2.27 (Unix) and version -+1.2.14 (Windows); other versions may or may not work.
-+
-+ -+ -+

Unix

    -+
  1. -+ -+Install ssh. -+
      -+
    1. -+ -+ -+Become root. (If you do not have administrator permissions, ask your -+ system manager to install an ssh client and an ssh server for you and -+ skip this section.) -+ -+
    2. Download ssh-1.2.27.tar.gz from ftp://ftp.ssh.com/pub/ssh/. -+ -+
    3. Install it: -+
        -+
      • -+ Unpack the archive (gunzip ssh-1.2.27.tar.gz and -+ then tar xvf ssh-1.2.27.tar.gz). -+ -+
      • following instructions in INSTALL, enter -+ ./configure, make, and -+ make install. -+ -+
      • to run the ssh daemon: -+
          -+
        • -+find the server daemon sshd (e.g., -+ /usr/local/sbin/sshd on RedHat-Linux systems). -+ -+
        • put its full pathname in the system initialization script to have it -+ run at startup (this script is called -+ /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit on RedHat-Linux, for example). -+
        -+
      -+ -+
    4. Once a server is running on the remote host and a client is -+available on the -+ local host, you should be able to connect with ssh in the same way as -+ with rsh (e.g., ssh foobar, then enter your password). -+
    -+ -+ -+
  2. If you like, you can now set up ssh so that you only need to type -+your password once per X session, rather than every time you run -+Unison (this is not necessary for using ssh with Unison, but it -+saves typing). -+
      -+
    1. -+ -+ -+ Build your keys : -+
        -+
      • -+ -+ enter ssh-keygen and type a passphrase as required. -+ -+
      • your private key is now in ~/.ssh/identity (this file -+ must remain -+ private) and your public key in ~/.ssh/identity.pub. -+
      -+ -+
    2. Allow user-mode secure connection. -+
        -+
      • -+ -+ append contents of the local file ~/.ssh/identity.pub to the file -+ ~/.ssh/authorized_keys on the remote system. -+ -+
      • Test that you can connect by starting ssh and giving -+ the passphrase you just chose instead of your remote password. -+
      -+ -+ -+
    3. Create an agent to manage authentication for you : -+
        -+
      • -+ -+start ssh-agent with the parent program whose children will be granted -+ automatic connections (e.g., ssh-agent bash or -+ ssh-agent startx). -+ -+
      • enter ssh-add to enter your passphrase and enable -+automatic login for connections to come. -+ -+
      • you should now be able to run Unison using SSH without giving -+ any passphrase or password. -+ -+
      • to kill the agent, enter ssh-agent -k, or simply exit the -+ program you launched using ssh-agent. -+
      -+
    -+ -+
-+ -+

Windows

-+Many Windows implementations of ssh only provide graphical interfaces, -+but Unison requires an ssh client that it can invoke with a -+command-line interface. A suitable version of ssh can be installed as -+follows.
-+
-+
    -+
  1. -+ -+Download an ssh executable. -+ -+Warning: there are many implementations and ports of ssh for -+Windows, and not all of them will work with Unison. We have gotten -+Unison to work with Cygwin's port of openssh, and we suggest you use -+that one. Here's how to install it: -+
      -+
    1. -+ -+First, create a new folder on your desktop to hold temporary -+ installation files. It can have any name you like, but in these -+ instructions we'll assume that you call it Foo. -+ -+
    2. Direct your web browser to www.cygwin.com, and click on the -+ ``Install now!'' link. This will download a file, setup.exe; -+ save it in the directory Foo. The file setup.exe is a -+ small program that will download the actual install files from -+ the Internet when you run it. -+ -+
    3. Start setup.exe (by double-clicking). This brings up a -+ series of dialogs that you will have to go through. Select -+ ``Install from Internet.'' For ``Local Package Directory'' select -+ the directory Foo. For ``Select install root directory'' we -+ recommend that you use the default, C:\cygwin. The next -+ dialog asks you to select the way that you want to connect to the -+ network to download the installation files; we have used ``Use IE5 -+ Settings'' successfully, but you may need to make a different -+ selection depending on your networking setup. The next dialog gives -+ a list of mirrors; select one close to you. -+ -+ Next you are asked to select which packages to install. The default -+ settings in this dialog download a lot of packages that are not -+ strictly necessary to run Unison with ssh. If you don't want to -+ install a package, click on it until ``skip'' is shown. For a -+ minimum installation, select only the packages ``cygwin'' and -+ ``openssh,'' which come to about 1900KB; the full installation is -+ much larger.
      -+
      -+
      Note that you are plan to build unison using the free -+ CygWin GNU C compiler, you need to install essential development -+ packages such as ``gcc'', ``make'', ``fileutil'', etc; we refer to -+ the file ``INSTALL.win32-cygwin-gnuc'' in the source distribution -+ for further details. -+
      After the packages are downloaded and installed, the next dialog -+ allows you to choose whether to ``Create Desktop Icon'' and ``Add to -+ Start Menu.'' You make the call. -+ -+
    4. You can now delete the directory Foo and its contents. -+

    -+ -+
  2. You must set the environment variables HOME and PATH. -+ Ssh will create a directory .ssh in the directory given -+ by HOME, so that it has a place to keep data like your public and -+ private keys. PATH must be set to include the Cygwin bin -+ directory, so that Unison can find the ssh executable. -+
      -+
    • -+ -+ On Windows 95/98, add the lines -+
      -+    set PATH=%PATH%;<SSHDIR>
-+    set HOME=<HOMEDIR>
-+
      -+ to the file C:\AUTOEXEC.BAT, where <HOMEDIR> is the -+ directory where you want ssh to create its .ssh directory, -+ and <SSHDIR> is the directory where the executable -+ ssh.exe is stored; if you've installed Cygwin in the -+ default location, this is C:\cygwin\bin. You will have to -+ reboot your computer to take the changes into account. -+ -+
    • On Windows NT/2k, open the environment variables dialog box: -+
        -+
      • -+ Windows NT: My Computer/Properties/Environment -+ -+
      • Windows 2k: My Computer/Properties/Advanced/Environment -+ variables -+
      -+ then select Path and edit its value by appending ;<SSHDIR> -+ to it, where <SSHDIR> is the full name of the directory -+ that includes the ssh executable; if you've installed Cygwin in -+ the default location, this is C:\cygwin\bin. -+
    -+ -+
  3. Test ssh from a DOS shell by typing -+
    -+      ssh <remote host> -l <login name>
-+
    -+ You should get a prompt for your password on <remote host>, -+ followed by a working connection. -+ -+
  4. Note that ssh-keygen may not work (fails with -+ ``gethostname: no such file or directory'') on some systems. This is -+ OK: you can use ssh with your regular password for the remote -+ system. -+ -+
  5. You should now be able to use Unison with an ssh connection. If -+ you are logged in with a different user name on the local and remote -+ hosts, provide your remote user name when providing the remote root -+ (i.e., //username@host/path...). -+
-+ -+

Changes in Version 2.9.1

Changes since 2.8.19: -+
    -+
  • -+ -+Fixed a bug due to a wrong assumption -+ -+
  • Changing profile works again under Windows -+ -+
  • Fixed a bug due to a wrong assumption -+ -+
  • fixed the Makefile -+ -+
-+Changes since 2.8.1: -+
    -+
  • -+ -+Statistic window (transfer rate, amount of data transferred). -+ [NB: not available Cygwin version.] -+ -+
  • symlinks works under the cygwin version (which is dynamically linked). -+ -+
  • File movement hack: Unison now tries to use local copy instead of -+ transfer for moved or copied files. It is controled by a boolean option -+ ``xferbycopying''. -+ -+
  • Fixed deadlock when synchronizing between Windows and Unix -+ -+
  • Small improvements: -+
      -+
    • -+ If neither the
      tt USERPROFILE nor the
      tt HOME environment -+ variables are set, then Unison will put its temporary commit log -+ (called
      tt DANGER.README) into the directory named by the -+
      tt UNISON environment variable, if any; otherwise it will use -+
      tt C:. -+ -+
    • alternative set of values for fastcheck: yes = true; no = false; default -+ = auto. -+ -+
    • -silent implies -contactquietly -+
    -+ -+
  • Source code: -+
      -+
    • -+ Code reorganization and tidying. (Started breaking up some of the -+ basic utility modules so that the non-unison-specific stuff can be -+ made available for other projects.) -+ -+
    • several Makefile and docs changes (for release); -+ -+
    • further comments in ``update.ml''; -+ -+
    • connection information are not stored in global variables anymore. -+
    -+ -+
-+Changes since 2.7.78: -+
    -+
  • -+ -+Small bugfix to textual user interface under Unix (to avoid leaving -+ the terminal in a bad state where it would not echo inputs after Unison -+ exited). -+ -+
-+Changes since 2.7.39: -+
    -+
  • -+ -+Improvements to the main web page (stable and beta version docs are -+ now both accessible). -+ -+
  • User manual revised. -+ -+
  • Added some new preferences: -+
      -+
    • -+``sshcmd'' and ``rshcmd'' for specifying paths to ssh and rsh programs. -+ -+
    • ``contactquietly'' for suppressing the ``contacting server'' message -+during Unison startup (under the graphical UI). -+
    -+ -+
  • Bug fixes: -+
      -+
    • -+Fixed small bug in UI that neglected to change the displayed column -+ headers if loading a new profile caused the roots to change. -+ -+
    • Fixed a bug that would put the text UI into an infinite loop if it -+ encountered a conflict when run in batch mode. -+ -+
    • Added some code to try to fix the display of non-Ascii characters in -+ filenames on Windows systems in the GTK UI. (This code is currently -+ untested---if you're one of the people that had reported problems with -+ display of non-ascii filenames, we'd appreciate knowing if this actually -+ fixes things.) -+ -+
    • `-prefer/-force newer' works properly now. -+ (The bug was reported by Sebastian Urbaniak and Sean Fulton.) -+
    -+ -+
  • User interface and Unison behavior: -+
      -+
    • -+Renamed `Proceed' to `Go' in the graphical UI. -+ -+
    • Added exit status for the textual user interface. -+ -+
    • Paths that are not synchronized because of conflicts or errors during -+ update detection are now noted in the log file. -+ -+
    • [END] messages in log now use a briefer format -+ -+
    • Changed the text UI startup sequence so that -+
      tt ./unison -ui text will use the default profile instead of failing. -+ -+
    • Made some improvements to the error messages. -+ -+
    • Added some debugging messages to remote.ml. -+
    -+ -+
-+Changes since 2.7.7: -+
    -+
  • -+ -+Incorporated, once again, a multi-threaded transport sub-system. -+ It transfers several files at the same time, thereby making much -+ more effective use of available network bandwidth. Unlike the -+ earlier attempt, this time we do not rely on the native thread -+ library of OCaml. Instead, we implement a light-weight, -+ non-preemptive multi-thread library in OCaml directly. This version -+ appears stable.
    -+
    -+ Some adjustments to unison are made to accommodate the multi-threaded -+ version. These include, in particular, changes to the -+ user interface and logging, for example: -+
      -+
    • -+ Two log entries for each transferring task, one for the -+ beginning, one for the end. -+ -+
    • Suppressed warning messages against removing temp files left -+ by a previous unison run, because warning does not work nicely -+ under multi-threading. The temp file names are made less likely -+ to coincide with the name of a file created by the user. They -+ take the form
      .#<filename>.<serial>.unison.tmp. -+
    -+ -+
  • Added a new command to the GTK user interface: pressing 'f' causes -+ Unison to start a new update detection phase, using as paths just -+ those paths that have been detected as changed and not yet marked as -+ successfully completed. Use this command to quickly restart Unison on -+ just the set of paths still needing attention after a previous run. -+ -+
  • Made the ignorecase preference user-visible, and changed the -+ initialization code so that it can be manually set to true, even if -+ neither host is running Windows. (This may be useful, e.g., when using -+ Unison running on a Unix system with a FAT volume mounted.) -+ -+
  • Small improvements and bug fixes: -+
      -+
    • -+ Errors in preference files now generate fatal errors rather than -+ warnings at startup time. (I.e., you can't go on from them.) Also, -+ we fixed a bug that was preventing these warnings from appearing in the -+ text UI, so some users who have been running (unsuspectingly) with -+ garbage in their prefs files may now get error reports. -+ -+
    • Error reporting for preference files now provides file name and -+ line number. -+ -+
    • More intelligible message in the case of identical change to the same -+ files: ``Nothing to do: replicas have been changed only in identical -+ ways since last sync.'' -+ -+
    • Files with prefix '.#' excluded when scanning for preference -+ files. -+ -+
    • Rsync instructions are send directly instead of first -+ marshaled. -+ -+
    • Won't try forever to get the fingerprint of a continuously changing file: -+ unison will give up after certain number of retries. -+ -+
    • Other bug fixes, including the one reported by Peter Selinger -+ (force=older preference not working). -+
    -+ -+
  • Compilation: -+
      -+
    • -+ Upgraded to the new OCaml 3.04 compiler, with the LablGtk -+ 1.2.3 library (patched version used for compiling under Windows). -+ -+
    • Added the option to compile unison on the Windows platform with -+ Cygwin GNU C compiler. This option only supports building -+ dynamically linked unison executables. -+
    -+ -+
-+Changes since 2.7.4: -+
    -+
  • -+ -+Fixed a silly (but debilitating) bug in the client startup sequence. -+ -+
-+Changes since 2.7.1: -+
    -+
  • -+ -+Added addprefsto preference, which (when set) controls which -+preference file new preferences (e.g. new ignore patterns) are added to. -+ -+
  • Bug fix: read the initial connection header one byte at a time, so -+that we don't block if the header is shorter than expected. (This bug -+did not affect normal operation --- it just made it hard to tell when you -+were trying to use Unison incorrectly with an old version of the server, -+since it would hang instead of giving an error message.) -+ -+
-+Changes since 2.6.59: -+
    -+
  • -+ -+Changed fastcheck from a boolean to a string preference. Its -+ legal values are yes (for a fast check), no (for a safe -+ check), or default (for a fast check---which also happens to be -+ safe---when running on Unix and a safe check when on Windows). The default -+ is default. -+ -+
  • Several preferences have been renamed for consistency. All -+ preference names are now spelled out in lowercase. For backward -+ compatibility, the old names still work, but they are not mentioned in -+ the manual any more. -+ -+
  • The temp files created by the 'diff' and 'merge' commands are now -+ named by prepending a new prefix to the file name, rather than -+ appending a suffix. This should avoid confusing diff/merge programs -+ that depend on the suffix to guess the type of the file contents. -+ -+
  • We now set the keepalive option on the server socket, to make sure -+ that the server times out if the communication link is unexpectedly broken. -+ -+
  • Bug fixes: -+
      -+
    • -+When updating small files, Unison now closes the destination file. -+ -+
    • File permissions are properly updated when the file is behind a -+ followed link. -+ -+
    • Several other small fixes. -+
    -+ -+
-+Changes since 2.6.38: -+
    -+
  • -+ -+Major Windows performance improvement!
    -+
    -+We've added a preference fastcheck that makes Unison look only at -+a file's creation time and last-modified time to check whether it has -+changed. This should result in a huge speedup when checking for updates -+in large replicas.
    -+
    -+ When this switch is set, Unison will use file creation times as -+ 'pseudo inode numbers' when scanning Windows replicas for updates, -+ instead of reading the full contents of every file. This may cause -+ Unison to miss propagating an update if the create time, -+ modification time, and length of the file are all unchanged by -+ the update (this is not easy to achieve, but it can be done). -+ However, Unison will never overwrite such an update with -+ a change from the other replica, since it -+ always does a safe check for updates just before propagating a -+ change. Thus, it is reasonable to use this switch most of the time -+ and occasionally run Unison once with fastcheck set to false, -+ if you are worried that Unison may have overlooked an update.
    -+
    -+ Warning: This change is has not yet been thoroughly field-tested. If you -+ set the fastcheck preference, pay careful attention to what -+ Unison is doing.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • New functionality: centralized backups and merging -+
      -+
    • -+This version incorporates two pieces of major new functionality, -+ implemented by Sylvain Roy during a summer internship at Penn: a -+ centralized backup facility that keeps a full backup of -+ (selected files -+ in) each replica, and a merging feature that allows Unison to -+ invoke an external file-merging tool to resolve conflicting changes to -+ individual files. -+ -+ -+
    • Centralized backups: -+
        -+
      • -+ Unison now maintains full backups of the last-synchronized versions -+ of (some of) the files in each replica; these function both as -+ backups in the usual sense -+ and as the ``common version'' when invoking external -+ merge programs. -+ -+
      • The backed up files are stored in a directory  /.unison/backup on each -+ host. (The name of this directory can be changed by setting -+ the environment variable UNISONBACKUPDIR.) -+ -+
      • The predicate backup controls which files are actually -+ backed up: -+ giving the preference 'backup = Path *' causes backing up -+ of all files. -+ -+
      • Files are added to the backup directory whenever unison updates -+ its archive. This means that -+
          -+
        • -+ When unison reconstructs its archive from scratch (e.g., -+ because of an upgrade, or because the archive files have -+ been manually deleted), all files will be backed up. -+ -+
        • Otherwise, each file will be backed up the first time unison -+ propagates an update for it. -+
        -+ -+
      • The preference backupversions controls how many previous -+ versions of each file are kept. The default is 2 (i.e., the last -+ synchronized version plus one backup). -+ -+
      • For backward compatibility, the backups preference is also -+ still supported, but backup is now preferred. -+ -+
      • It is OK to manually delete files from the backup directory (or to throw -+ away the directory itself). Before unison uses any of these files for -+ anything important, it checks that its fingerprint matches the one -+ that it expects. -+

      -+ -+
    • Merging: -+
        -+
      • -+ Both user interfaces offer a new 'merge' command, invoked by pressing -+ 'm' (with a changed file selected). -+ -+
      • The actual merging is performed by an external program. -+ The preferences merge and merge2 control how this -+ program is invoked. If a backup exists for this file (see the -+ backup preference), then the merge preference is used for -+ this purpose; otherwise merge2 is used. In both cases, the -+ value of the preference should be a string representing the command -+ that should be passed to a shell to invoke the -+ merge program. Within this string, the special substrings -+ CURRENT1, CURRENT2, NEW, and OLD may appear -+ at any point. Unison will substitute these as follows before invoking -+ the command: -+
          -+
        • -+ CURRENT1 is replaced by the name of the local -+ copy of the file; -+ -+
        • CURRENT2 is replaced by the name of a temporary -+ file, into which the contents of the remote copy of the file have -+ been transferred by Unison prior to performing the merge; -+ -+
        • NEW is replaced by the name of a temporary -+ file that Unison expects to be written by the merge program when -+ it finishes, giving the desired new contents of the file; and -+ -+
        • OLD is replaced by the name of the backed up -+ copy of the original version of the file (i.e., its state at the -+ end of the last successful run of Unison), if one exists -+ (applies only to merge, not merge2). -+
        -+ For example, on Unix systems setting the merge preference to -+
        -+   merge = diff3 -m CURRENT1 OLD CURRENT2 > NEW
-+
        -+ will tell Unison to use the external diff3 program for merging.
        -+
        -+ A large number of external merging programs are available. For -+ example, emacs users may find the following convenient: -+
        -+    merge2 = emacs -q --eval '(ediff-merge-files "CURRENT1" "CURRENT2" 
-+               nil "NEW")' 
-+    merge = emacs -q --eval '(ediff-merge-files-with-ancestor 
-+               "CURRENT1" "CURRENT2" "OLD" nil "NEW")' 
-+
        -+(These commands are displayed here on two lines to avoid running off the -+edge of the page. In your preference file, each should be written on a -+single line.)
        -+
        -+ -+
      • If the external program exits without leaving any file at the -+ path NEW, -+ Unison considers the merge to have failed. If the merge program writes -+ a file called NEW but exits with a non-zero status code, -+ then Unison -+ considers the merge to have succeeded but to have generated conflicts. -+ In this case, it attempts to invoke an external editor so that the -+ user can resolve the conflicts. The value of the editor -+ preference controls what editor is invoked by Unison. The default -+ is emacs.
        -+
        -+ -+
      • Please send us suggestions for other useful values of the -+ merge2 and merge preferences -- we'd like to give several -+ examples in the manual. -+
      -+

    -+ -+
  • Smaller changes: -+
      -+
    • -+When one preference file includes another, unison no longer adds the -+ suffix '.prf' to the included file by default. If a file with -+ precisely the given name exists in the .unison directory, it will be used; -+ otherwise Unison will -+ add .prf, as it did before. (This change means that included -+ preference files can be named blah.include instead of -+ blah.prf, so that unison will not offer them in its 'choose -+ a preference file' dialog.) -+ -+
    • For Linux systems, we now offer both a statically linked and a dynamically -+ linked executable. The static one is larger, but will probably run on more -+ systems, since it doesn't depend on the same versions of dynamically -+ linked library modules being available. -+ -+
    • Fixed the force and prefer preferences, which were -+ getting the propagation direction exactly backwards. -+ -+
    • Fixed a bug in the startup code that would cause unison to crash -+ when the default profile (~/.unison/default.prf) does not exist. -+ -+
    • Fixed a bug where, on the run when a profile is first created, -+ Unison would confusingly display the roots in reverse order in the user -+ interface. -+

    -+ -+
  • For developers: -+
      -+
    • -+We've added a module dependency diagram to the source distribution, in -+ src/DEPENDENCIES.ps, to help new prospective developers with -+ navigating the code. -+
    -+ -+
-+Changes since 2.6.11: -+
    -+
  • -+ -+Incompatible change: -+ Archive format has changed.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • Incompatible change: -+ The startup sequence has been completely rewritten -+and greatly simplified. The main user-visible change is that the -+defaultpath preference has been removed. Its effect can be -+approximated by using multiple profiles, with include directives -+to incorporate common settings. All uses of defaultpath in -+existing profiles should be changed to path.
    -+
    -+Another change in startup behavior that will affect some users is that it -+is no longer possible to specify roots both in the profile and on the command line.
    -+
    -+You can achieve a similar effect, though, by breaking your profile into -+two: -+
    -+  
-+  default.prf = 
-+      root = blah
-+      root = foo
-+      include common
-+
-+  common.prf = 
-+      <everything else>
-+
    -+Now do -+
    -+  unison common root1 root2
-+
    -+when you want to specify roots explicitly.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • The -prefer and -force options have been extended to -+allow users to specify that files with more recent modtimes should be -+propagated, writing either -prefer newer or -force newer. -+(For symmetry, Unison will also accept -prefer older or -+-force older.) The -force older/newer options can only be -+used when -times is also set.
    -+
    -+The graphical user interface provides access to these facilities on a -+one-off basis via the Actions menu.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • Names of roots can now be ``aliased'' to allow replicas to be -+relocated without changing the name of the archive file where Unison -+stores information between runs. (This feature is for experts only. See -+the ``Archive Files'' section of the manual for more information.)
    -+
    -+ -+
  • Graphical user-interface: -+
      -+
    • -+A new command is provided in the Synchronization menu for -+ switching to a new profile without restarting Unison from scratch. -+ -+
    • The GUI also supports one-key shortcuts for commonly -+used profiles. If a profile contains a preference of the form -+'key = n', where n is a single digit, then pressing this -+key will cause Unison to immediately switch to this profile and begin -+synchronization again from scratch. (Any actions that may have been -+selected for a set of changes currently being displayed will be -+discarded.)
      -+
      -+ -+
    • Each profile may include a preference 'label = <string>' giving a -+ descriptive string that described the options selected in this profile. -+ The string is listed along with the profile name in the profile selection -+ dialog, and displayed in the top-right corner of the main Unison window. -+

    -+ -+
  • Minor: -+
      -+
    • -+Fixed a bug that would sometimes cause the 'diff' display to order -+ the files backwards relative to the main user interface. (Thanks -+ to Pascal Brisset for this fix.) -+ -+
    • On Unix systems, the graphical version of Unison will check the -+ DISPLAY variable and, if it is not set, automatically fall back -+ to the textual user interface. -+ -+
    • Synchronization paths (path preferences) are now matched -+ against the ignore preferences. So if a path is both specified in a -+ path preference and ignored, it will be skipped. -+ -+
    • Numerous other bugfixes and small improvements. -+
    -+ -+
-+Changes since 2.6.1: -+
    -+
  • -+ -+The synchronization of modification times has been disabled for -+ directories.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • Preference files may now include lines of the form -+ include <name>, which will cause name.prf to be read -+ at that point.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • The synchronization of permission between Windows and Unix now -+ works properly.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • A binding CYGWIN=binmode in now added to the environment -+ so that the Cygwin port of OpenSSH works properly in a non-Cygwin -+ context.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • The servercmd and addversionno preferences can now -+ be used together: -addversionno appends an appropriate -+ -NNN to the server command, which is found by using the value -+ of the -servercmd preference if there is one, or else just -+ unison.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • Both '-pref=val' and '-pref val' are now allowed for -+ boolean values. (The former can be used to set a preference to false.)
    -+
    -+ -+
  • Lot of small bugs fixed. -+ -+
-+Changes since 2.5.31: -+
    -+
  • -+ -+The log preference is now set to true by default, -+ since the log file seems useful for most users. -+ -+
  • Several miscellaneous bugfixes (most involving symlinks). -+ -+
-+Changes since 2.5.25: -+
    -+
  • -+ -+Incompatible change: -+ Archive format has changed (again).
    -+
    -+ -+
  • Several significant bugs introduced in 2.5.25 have been fixed. -+ -+
-+Changes since 2.5.1: -+
    -+
  • -+ -+Incompatible change: -+ Archive format has changed. Make sure you -+synchronize your replicas before upgrading, to avoid spurious -+conflicts. The first sync after upgrading will be slow.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • New functionality: -+
      -+
    • -+Unison now synchronizes file modtimes, user-ids, and group-ids.
      -+
      -+These new features are controlled by a set of new preferences, all of -+which are currently false by default.
      -+
      -+
        -+
      • -+When the times preference is set to true, file -+modification times are propaged. (Because the representations of time -+may not have the same granularity on both replicas, Unison may not always -+be able to make the modtimes precisely equal, but it will get them as -+close as the operating systems involved allow.) -+ -+
      • When the owner preference is set to true, file -+ownership information is synchronized. -+ -+
      • When the group preference is set to true, group -+information is synchronized. -+ -+
      • When the numericIds preference is set to true, owner -+and group information is synchronized numerically. By default, owner and -+group numbers are converted to names on each replica and these names are -+synchronized. (The special user id 0 and the special group 0 are never -+mapped via user/group names even if this preference is not set.) -+

      -+ -+
    • Added an integer-valued preference perms that can be used to -+control the propagation of permission bits. The value of this preference -+is a mask indicating which permission bits should be synchronized. It is -+set by default to 0o1777: all bits but the set-uid and set-gid bits are -+synchronised (synchronizing theses latter bits can be a security hazard). -+If you want to synchronize all bits, you can set the value of this -+preference to -1.
      -+
      -+ -+
    • Added a log preference (default false), which makes -+Unison keep a complete record of the changes it makes to the replicas. -+By default, this record is written to a file called unison.log in -+the user's home directory (the value of the HOME environment -+variable). If you want it someplace else, set the logfile -+preference to the full pathname you want Unison to use.
      -+
      -+ -+
    • Added an ignorenot preference that maintains a set of patterns -+ for paths that should definitely not be ignored, whether or not -+ they match an ignore pattern. (That is, a path will now be ignored -+ iff it matches an ignore pattern and does not match any ignorenot patterns.) -+
    -+ -+ -+
  • User-interface improvements: -+
      -+
    • -+Roots are now displayed in the user interface in the same order -+as they were given on the command line or in the preferences file. -+ -+
    • When the batch preference is set, the graphical user interface no -+ longer waits for user confirmation when it displays a warning message: it -+ simply pops up an advisory window with a Dismiss button at the bottom and -+ keeps on going. -+ -+
    • Added a new preference for controlling how many status messages are -+ printed during update detection: statusdepth controls the maximum -+ depth for paths on the local machine (longer paths are not displayed, nor -+ are non-directory paths). The value should be an integer; default is 1. -+ -+
    • Removed the trace and silent preferences. They did -+not seem very useful, and there were too many preferences for controlling -+output in various ways. -+ -+
    • The text UI now displays just the default command (the one that -+will be used if the user just types <return>) instead of all -+available commands. Typing ? will print the full list of -+possibilities. -+ -+
    • The function that finds the canonical hostname of the local host -+(which is used, for example, in calculating the name of the archive file -+used to remember which files have been synchronized) normally uses the -+gethostname operating system call. However, if the environment -+variable UNISONLOCALHOSTNAME is set, its value will now be used -+instead. This makes it easier to use Unison in situations where a -+machine's name changes frequently (e.g., because it is a laptop and gets -+moved around a lot). -+ -+
    • File owner and group are now displayed in the ``detail window'' at -+the bottom of the screen, when unison is configured to synchronize them. -+

    -+ -+
  • For hackers: -+
      -+
    • -+Updated to Jacques Garrigue's new version of lablgtk, which -+ means we can throw away our local patched version.
      -+
      -+ If you're compiling the GTK version of unison from sources, you'll need -+ to update your copy of lablgtk to the developers release, available from -+ http://wwwfun.kurims.kyoto-u.ac.jp/soft/olabl/lablgtk.html
      -+
      -+ (Warning: installing lablgtk under Windows is currently a bit -+ challenging.)
      -+
      -+ -+
    • The TODO.txt file (in the source distribution) has been cleaned up -+and reorganized. The list of pending tasks should be much easier to -+make sense of, for people that may want to contribute their programming -+energies. There is also a separate file BUGS.txt for open bugs. -+ -+
    • The Tk user interface has been removed (it was not being maintained -+and no longer compiles). -+ -+
    • The debug preference now prints quite a bit of additional -+information that should be useful for identifying sources of problems. -+ -+
    • The version number of the remote server is now checked right away -+ during the connection setup handshake, rather than later. (Somebody -+ sent a bug report of a server crash that turned out to come from using -+ inconsistent versions: better to check this earlier and in a way that -+ can't crash either client or server.) -+ -+
    • Unison now runs correctly on 64-bit architectures (e.g. Alpha -+linux). We will not be distributing binaries for these architectures -+ourselves (at least for a while) but if someone would like to make them -+available, we'll be glad to provide a link to them. -+

    -+ -+
  • Bug fixes: -+
      -+
    • -+Pattern matching (e.g. for ignore) is now case-insensitive -+ when Unison is in case-insensitive mode (i.e., when one of the replicas -+ is on a windows machine). -+ -+
    • Some people had trouble with mysterious failures during -+ propagation of updates, where files would be falsely reported as having -+ changed during synchronization. This should be fixed. -+ -+
    • Numerous smaller fixes. -+
    -+ -+
-+Changes since 2.4.1: -+
    -+
  • -+ -+Added a number of 'sorting modes' for the user interface. By -+default, conflicting changes are displayed at the top, and the rest of -+the entries are sorted in alphabetical order. This behavior can be -+changed in the following ways: -+
      -+
    • -+Setting the sortnewfirst preference to true causes -+newly created files to be displayed before changed files. -+ -+
    • Setting sortbysize causes files to be displayed in -+increasing order of size. -+ -+
    • Giving the preference sortfirst=<pattern> (where -+<pattern> is a path descriptor in the same format as 'ignore' and 'follow' -+patterns, causes paths matching this pattern to be displayed first. -+ -+
    • Similarly, giving the preference sortlast=<pattern> -+causes paths matching this pattern to be displayed last. -+
    -+The sorting preferences are described in more detail in the user manual. -+The sortnewfirst and sortbysize flags can also be accessed -+from the 'Sort' menu in the grpahical user interface.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • Added two new preferences that can be used to change unison's -+fundamental behavior to make it more like a mirroring tool instead of -+a synchronizer. -+
      -+
    • -+Giving the preference prefer with argument <root> -+(by adding -prefer <root> to the command line or prefer=<root>) -+to your profile) means that, if there is a conflict, the contents of -+<root> -+should be propagated to the other replica (with no questions asked). -+Non-conflicting changes are treated as usual. -+ -+
    • Giving the preference force with argument <root> -+will make unison resolve all differences in favor of the given -+root, even if it was the other replica that was changed. -+
    -+These options should be used with care! (More information is available in -+the manual.)
    -+
    -+ -+
  • Small changes: -+
      -+
    • -+ -+Changed default answer to 'Yes' in all two-button dialogs in the -+ graphical interface (this seems more intuitive).
      -+
      -+ -+
    • The rsync preference has been removed (it was used to -+activate rsync compression for file transfers, but rsync compression is -+now enabled by default). -+ -+
    • In the text user interface, the arrows indicating which direction -+changes are being -+ propagated are printed differently when the user has overridded Unison's -+ default recommendation (====> instead of ---->). This -+ matches the behavior of the graphical interface, which displays such -+ arrows in a different color. -+ -+
    • Carriage returns (Control-M's) are ignored at the ends of lines in -+ profiles, for Windows compatibility. -+ -+
    • All preferences are now fully documented in the user manual. -+
    -+ -+
-+Changes since 2.3.12: -+
    -+
  • -+ -+Incompatible change: -+ Archive format has changed. Make sure you -+synchronize your replicas before upgrading, to avoid spurious -+conflicts. The first sync after upgrading will be slow.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • New/improved functionality: -+
      -+
    • -+A new preference -sortbysize controls the order in which changes -+ are displayed to the user: when it is set to true, the smallest -+ changed files are displayed first. (The default setting is false.) -+ -+
    • A new preference -sortnewfirst causes newly created files to be -+ listed before other updates in the user interface. -+ -+
    • We now allow the ssh protocol to specify a port. -+ -+
    • Incompatible change: The unison: protocol is deprecated, and we added -+ file: and socket:. You may have to modify your profiles in the -+ .unison directory. -+ If a replica is specified without an explicit protocol, we now -+ assume it refers to a file. (Previously "//saul/foo" meant to use -+ SSH to connect to saul, then access the foo directory. Now it means -+ to access saul via a remote file mechanism such as samba; the old -+ effect is now achieved by writing ssh://saul/foo.) -+ -+
    • Changed the startup sequence for the case where roots are given but -+ no profile is given on the command line. The new behavior is to -+ use the default profile (creating it if it does not exist), and -+ temporarily override its roots. The manual claimed that this case -+ would work by reading no profile at all, but AFAIK this was never -+ true. -+ -+
    • In all user interfaces, files with conflicts are always listed first -+ -+
    • A new preference 'sshversion' can be used to control which version -+ of ssh should be used to connect to the server. Legal values are 1 and 2. -+ (Default is empty, which will make unison use whatever version of ssh -+ is installed as the default 'ssh' command.) -+ -+
    • The situation when the permissions of a file was updated the same on -+ both side is now handled correctly (we used to report a spurious conflict)

    -+ -+
  • Improvements for the Windows version: -+
      -+
    • -+The fact that filenames are treated case-insensitively under -+Windows should now be handled correctly. The exact behavior is described -+in the cross-platform section of the manual. -+ -+
    • It should be possible to synchronize with Windows shares, e.g., -+ //host/drive/path. -+ -+
    • Workarounds to the bug in syncing root directories in Windows. -+The most difficult thing to fix is an ocaml bug: Unix.opendir fails on -+c: in some versions of Windows. -+

    -+ -+
  • Improvements to the GTK user interface (the Tk interface is no -+longer being maintained): -+
      -+
    • -+The UI now displays actions differently (in blue) when they have been -+ explicitly changed by the user from Unison's default recommendation. -+ -+
    • More colorful appearance. -+ -+
    • The initial profile selection window works better. -+ -+
    • If any transfers failed, a message to this effect is displayed along with -+ 'Synchronization complete' at the end of the transfer phase (in case they -+ may have scrolled off the top). -+ -+
    • Added a global progress meter, displaying the percentage of total -+ bytes that have been transferred so far. -+

    -+ -+
  • Improvements to the text user interface: -+
      -+
    • -+The file details will be displayed automatically when a -+ conflict is been detected. -+ -+
    • when a warning is generated (e.g. for a temporary -+ file left over from a previous run of unison) Unison will no longer -+ wait for a response if it is running in -batch mode. -+ -+
    • The UI now displays a short list of possible inputs each time it waits -+ for user interaction. -+ -+
    • The UI now quits immediately (rather than looping back and starting -+ the interaction again) if the user presses 'q' when asked whether to -+ propagate changes. -+ -+
    • Pressing 'g' in the text user interface will proceed immediately -+ with propagating updates, without asking any more questions. -+

    -+ -+
  • Documentation and installation changes: -+
      -+
    • -+The manual now includes a FAQ, plus sections on common problems and -+on tricks contributed by users. -+ -+
    • Both the download page and the download directory explicitly say -+what are the current stable and beta-test version numbers. -+ -+
    • The OCaml sources for the up-to-the-minute developers' version (not -+guaranteed to be stable, or even to compile, at any given time!) are now -+available from the download page. -+ -+
    • Added a subsection to the manual describing cross-platform -+ issues (case conflicts, illegal filenames) -+

    -+ -+
  • Many small bug fixes and random improvements.
    -+
    -+ -+
-+Changes since 2.3.1: -+
    -+
  • -+ -+Several bug fixes. The most important is a bug in the rsync -+module that would occasionally cause change propagation to fail with a -+'rename' error. -+ -+
-+Changes since 2.2: -+
    -+
  • -+ -+The multi-threaded transport system is now disabled by default. -+(It is not stable enough yet.) -+ -+
  • Various bug fixes. -+ -+
  • A new experimental feature:
    -+
    -+ The final component of a -path argument may now be the wildcard -+ specifier *. When Unison sees such a path, it expands this path on -+ the client into into the corresponding list of paths by listing the -+ contents of that directory.
    -+
    -+ Note that if you use wildcard paths from the command line, you will -+ probably need to use quotes or a backslash to prevent the * from -+ being interpreted by your shell.
    -+
    -+ If both roots are local, the contents of the first one will be used -+ for expanding wildcard paths. (Nb: this is the first one after the -+ canonization step -- i.e., the one that is listed first in the user -+ interface -- not the one listed first on the command line or in the -+ preferences file.) -+ -+
-+Changes since 2.1: -+
    -+
  • -+ -+The transport subsystem now includes an implementation by -+Sylvain Gommier and Norman Ramsey of Tridgell and Mackerras's -+rsync protocol. This protocol achieves much faster -+transfers when only a small part of a large file has been changed by -+sending just diffs. This feature is mainly helpful for transfers over -+slow links---on fast local area networks it can actually degrade -+performance---so we have left it off by default. Start unison with -+the -rsync option (or put rsync=true in your preferences -+file) to turn it on.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • ``Progress bars'' are now diplayed during remote file transfers, -+showing what percentage of each file has been transferred so far.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • The version numbering scheme has changed. New releases will now -+ be have numbers like 2.2.30, where the second component is -+ incremented on every significant public release and the third -+ component is the ``patch level.''
    -+
    -+ -+
  • Miscellaneous improvements to the GTK-based user interface. -+ -+
  • The manual is now available in PDF format.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • We are experimenting with using a multi-threaded transport -+subsystem to transfer several files at the same time, making -+much more effective use of available network bandwidth. This feature -+is not completely stable yet, so by default it is disabled in the -+release version of Unison.
    -+
    -+If you want to play with the multi-threaded version, you'll need to -+recompile Unison from sources (as described in the documentation), -+setting the THREADS flag in Makefile.OCaml to true. Make sure that -+your OCaml compiler has been installed with the -with-pthreads -+configuration option. (You can verify this by checking whether the -+file threads/threads.cma in the OCaml standard library -+directory contains the string -lpthread near the end.) -+ -+
-+Changes since 1.292: -+
    -+
  • -+ -+Reduced memory footprint (this is especially important during -+the first run of unison, where it has to gather information about all -+the files in both repositories). -+ -+
  • Fixed a bug that would cause the socket server under NT to fail -+ after the client exits. -+ -+
  • Added a SHIFT modifier to the Ignore menu shortcut keys in GTK -+ interface (to avoid hitting them accidentally). -+ -+
-+Changes since 1.231: -+
    -+
  • -+ -+Tunneling over ssh is now supported in the Windows version. See -+the installation section of the manual for detailed instructions.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • The transport subsystem now includes an implementation of the -+rsync protocol, built by Sylvain Gommier and Norman Ramsey. -+This protocol achieves much faster transfers when only a small part of -+a large file has been changed by sending just diffs. The rsync -+feature is off by default in the current version. Use the -+-rsync switch to turn it on. (Nb. We still have a lot of -+tuning to do: you may not notice much speedup yet.)
    -+
    -+ -+
  • We're experimenting with a multi-threaded transport subsystem, -+written by Jerome Vouillon. The downloadable binaries are still -+single-threaded: if you want to try the multi-threaded version, you'll -+need to recompile from sources. (Say make THREADS=true.) -+Native thread support from the compiler is required. Use the option -+-threads N to select the maximal number of concurrent -+threads (default is 5). Multi-threaded -+and single-threaded clients/servers can interoperate.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • A new GTK-based user interface is now available, thanks to -+Jacques Garrigue. The Tk user interface still works, but we'll be -+shifting development effort to the GTK interface from now on. -+ -+
  • OCaml 3.00 is now required for compiling Unison from sources. -+The modules uitk and myfileselect have been changed to -+use labltk instead of camltk. To compile the Tk interface in Windows, -+you must have ocaml-3.00 and tk8.3. When installing tk8.3, put it in -+c:\Tcl rather than the suggested c:\Program Files\Tcl, -+and be sure to install the headers and libraries (which are not -+installed by default).
    -+
    -+ -+
  • Added a new -addversionno switch, which causes unison to -+use unison-<currentversionnumber> instead of just unison -+as the remote server command. This allows multiple versions of unison -+to coexist conveniently on the same server: whichever version is run -+on the client, the same version will be selected on the server. -+ -+
-+Changes since 1.219: -+
    -+
  • -+ -+Incompatible change: -+ Archive format has changed. Make sure you -+synchronize your replicas before upgrading, to avoid spurious -+conflicts. The first sync after upgrading will be slow.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • This version fixes several annoying bugs, including: -+
      -+
    • -+Some cases where propagation of file permissions was not -+working. -+ -+
    • umask is now ignored when creating directories -+ -+
    • directories are create writable, so that a read-only directory and -+ its contents can be propagated. -+ -+
    • Handling of warnings generated by the server. -+ -+
    • Synchronizing a path whose parent is not a directory on both sides is -+now flagged as erroneous. -+ -+
    • Fixed some bugs related to symnbolic links and nonexistant roots. -+
        -+
      • -+ -+ When a change (deletion or new contents) is propagated onto a -+ 'follow'ed symlink, the file pointed to by the link is now changed. -+ (We used to change the link itself, which doesn't fit our assertion -+ that 'follow' means the link is completely invisible) -+ -+
      • When one root did not exist, propagating the other root on top of it -+ used to fail, becuase unison could not calculate the working directory -+ into which to write changes. This should be fixed. -+
      -+

    -+ -+
  • A human-readable timestamp has been added to Unison's archive files.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • The semantics of Path and Name regular expressions now -+correspond better.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • Some minor improvements to the text UI (e.g. a command for going -+back to previous items)
    -+
    -+ -+
  • The organization of the export directory has changed --- should -+be easier to find / download things now. -+ -+
-+Changes since 1.200: -+
    -+
  • -+ -+Incompatible change: -+ Archive format has changed. Make sure you -+synchronize your replicas before upgrading, to avoid spurious -+conflicts. The first sync after upgrading will be slow.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • This version has not been tested extensively on Windows.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • Major internal changes designed to make unison safer to run -+at the same time as the replicas are being changed by the user.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • Internal performance improvements. -+ -+
-+Changes since 1.190: -+
    -+
  • -+ -+Incompatible change: -+ Archive format has changed. Make sure you -+synchronize your replicas before upgrading, to avoid spurious -+conflicts. The first sync after upgrading will be slow.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • A number of internal functions have been changed to reduce the -+amount of memory allocation, especially during the first -+synchronization. This should help power users with very big replicas.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • Reimplementation of low-level remote procedure call stuff, in -+preparation for adding rsync-like smart file transfer in a later -+release.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • Miscellaneous bug fixes. -+ -+
-+Changes since 1.180: -+
    -+
  • -+ -+Incompatible change: -+ Archive format has changed. Make sure you -+synchronize your replicas before upgrading, to avoid spurious -+conflicts. The first sync after upgrading will be slow.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • Fixed some small bugs in the interpretation of ignore patterns.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • Fixed some problems that were preventing the Windows version -+from working correctly when click-started.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • Fixes to treatment of file permissions under Windows, which were -+causing spurious reports of different permissions when synchronizing -+between windows and unix systems.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • Fixed one more non-tail-recursive list processing function, -+which was causing stack overflows when synchronizing very large -+replicas. -+ -+
-+Changes since 1.169: -+
    -+
  • -+ -+The text user interface now provides commands for ignoring -+ files. -+ -+
  • We found and fixed some more non-tail-recursive list -+ processing functions. Some power users have reported success with -+ very large replicas. -+ -+
  • Incompatible change: -+ Files ending in .tmp are no longer ignored automatically. If you want -+to ignore such files, put an appropriate ignore pattern in your profile.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • Incompatible change: -+ The syntax of ignore and follow -+patterns has changed. Instead of putting a line of the form -+
    -+                 ignore = <regexp>
-+
    -+ in your profile (.unison/default.prf), you should put: -+
    -+                 ignore = Regexp <regexp>
-+
    -+Moreover, two other styles of pattern are also recognized: -+
    -+                 ignore = Name <name>
-+
    -+matches any path in which one component matches <name>, while -+
    -+                 ignore = Path <path>
-+
    -+matches exactly the path <path>.
    -+
    -+Standard ``globbing'' conventions can be used in <name> and -+<path>: -+
      -+
    • -+a ? matches any single character except / -+ -+
    • a * matches any sequence of characters not including / -+ -+
    • [xyz] matches any character from the set {x, -+ y, z } -+ -+
    • {a,bb,ccc} matches any one of a, bb, or -+ ccc. -+

    -+See the user manual for some examples. -+ -+
-+Changes since 1.146: -+
    -+
  • -+ -+Some users were reporting stack overflows when synchronizing -+ huge directories. We found and fixed some non-tail-recursive list -+ processing functions, which we hope will solve the problem. Please -+ give it a try and let us know. -+ -+
  • Major additions to the documentation. -+ -+
-+Changes since 1.142: -+
    -+
  • -+ -+Major internal tidying and many small bugfixes. -+ -+
  • Major additions to the user manual. -+ -+
  • Unison can now be started with no arguments -- it will prompt -+automatically for the name of a profile file containing the roots to -+be synchronized. This makes it possible to start the graphical UI -+from a desktop icon. -+ -+
  • Fixed a small bug where the text UI on NT was raising a 'no such -+ signal' exception. -+ -+
-+Changes since 1.139: -+
    -+
  • -+ -+The precompiled windows binary in the last release was compiled -+with an old OCaml compiler, causing propagation of permissions not to -+work (and perhaps leading to some other strange behaviors we've heard -+reports about). This has been corrected. If you're using precompiled -+binaries on Windows, please upgrade. -+ -+
  • Added a -debug command line flag, which controls debugging -+of various modules. Say -debug XXX to enable debug tracing for -+module XXX, or -debug all to turn on absolutely everything. -+ -+
  • Fixed a small bug where the text UI on NT was raising a 'no such signal' -+exception. -+ -+
-+Changes since 1.111: -+
    -+
  • -+ -+Incompatible change: -+ The names and formats of the preference files in -+the .unison directory have changed. In particular: -+
      -+
    • -+the file ``prefs'' should be renamed to default.prf -+ -+
    • the contents of the file ``ignore'' should be merged into -+ default.prf. Each line of the form REGEXP in ignore should -+ become a line of the form ignore = REGEXP in default.prf. -+
    -+ -+
  • Unison now handles permission bits and symbolic links. See the -+manual for details.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • You can now have different preference files in your .unison -+directory. If you start unison like this -+
    -+             unison profilename
-+
    -+(i.e. with just one ``anonymous'' command-line argument), then the -+file ~/.unison/profilename.prf will be loaded instead of -+default.prf.
    -+
    -+ -+
  • Some improvements to terminal handling in the text user interface
    -+
    -+ -+
  • Added a switch -killServer that terminates the remote server process -+when the unison client is shutting down, even when using sockets for -+communication. (By default, a remote server created using ssh/rsh is -+terminated automatically, while a socket server is left running.) -+ -+
  • When started in 'socket server' mode, unison prints 'server started' on -+ stderr when it is ready to accept connections. -+ (This may be useful for scripts that want to tell when a socket-mode server -+ has finished initalization.) -+ -+
  • We now make a nightly mirror of our current internal development -+ tree, in case anyone wants an up-to-the-minute version to hack -+ around with. -+ -+
  • Added a file CONTRIB with some suggestions for how to help us -+make Unison better. -+ -+
-+ -+
-+
1
If you are compiling Unison 2.7.7 or an earlier version, you need to -+
    -+
  • -+insert a line ``CAMLFLAGS+=-nolabels to the file named ``Makefile.OCaml'' in the source directory, and -+ -+
  • install LablGtk 1.1.1 instead of the latest version. -+
-+ -+
2
The Cygwin port (the Installing Ssh on Windows section) of openssh includes a ssh server program for the Windows -+ platform, but we have not yet tested Unison with this ssh server.
-+ -+ -+ -+ -+ -+
-+
This document was translated from LATEX by HEVEA. -+
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"optional" - -SRC_URI = "${DEBIAN_MIRROR}/main/u/${PN}/${PN}_${PV}.orig.tar.gz \ - file://${FILESDIR}/debian.patch;patch=1" -- cgit v1.2.3