path: root/src/MTS_IO_QuectelRadio.cpp

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2019 by Multi-Tech Systems
 *
 * This file is part of libmts-io.
 *
 * libmts-io is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * libmts-io is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 * along with libmts-io.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 *
 */

#include "mts/MTS_IO_QuectelRadio.h"

#include <climits>

#include <mts/MTS_Logger.h>
#include <mts/MTS_Thread.h>
#include <mts/MTS_Text.h>
#include <mts/MTS_Timer.h>

#include <unistd.h>

using namespace MTS::IO;

const size_t QuectelRadio::FILE_CHUNK_SIZE = 2048;
const std::string QuectelRadio::CMD_ABORT_UPLOAD = "+++";

// It is strongly recommended to use DOS 8.3 file name format for <filename>.
const std::string QuectelRadio::VALUE_MTS_DELTA_NAME = "mtsdelta.zip";
const std::string QuectelRadio::VALUE_MTS_DELTA_PATH =  "/data/ufs/" + QuectelRadio::VALUE_MTS_DELTA_NAME;
const std::string QuectelRadio::VALUE_QNVR_DISABLE_VOICE = "0102000000000000";

QuectelRadio::QuectelRadio(const std::string& sName, const std::string& sRadioPort)
: CellularRadio (sName, sRadioPort)
{
}

bool QuectelRadio::resetRadio(uint32_t iTimeoutMillis) {
    printInfo("%s| Rebooting radio", getName().c_str());
    if(sendBasicCommand("AT+CFUN=1,1") == SUCCESS) {
        if(iTimeoutMillis > 5000) {
            MTS::Thread::sleep(5000);
            iTimeoutMillis -= 5000;
        }
        return resetConnection(iTimeoutMillis);
    }

    return false;
}

ICellularRadio::CODE QuectelRadio::getVendorFirmware(std::string& sVendorFirmware) {
    printTrace("%s| Get Quectel-specific firmware version", getName().c_str());
    sVendorFirmware = ICellularRadio::VALUE_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    std::string sCmd("AT+QGMR");
    std::string sResult = sendCommand(sCmd);
    size_t pos = sResult.find(ICellularRadio::RSP_OK);
    if (pos == std::string::npos) {
        printWarning("%s| Unable to get firmware from radio using command [%s]", getName().c_str(), sCmd.c_str());
        return FAILURE;
    }

    sVendorFirmware = MTS::Text::trim(sResult.substr(0, pos));
    if(sVendorFirmware.size() == 0) {
        printWarning("%s| Unable to get firmware from radio using command [%s]", getName().c_str(), sCmd.c_str());
        return FAILURE;
    }

    return SUCCESS;
}

ICellularRadio::CODE QuectelRadio::getModel(std::string& sModel) {
    printTrace("%s| Get Model", getName().c_str());
    //Always returns SUCCESS because the model should be m_sName
    sModel = getName();
    std::string sCmd("AT+GMM");
    std::string sResult = sendCommand(sCmd);
    if (sResult.find("OK") == std::string::npos) {
        printWarning("%s| Unable to get model from radio.  Returning [%s]", getName().c_str(), getName().c_str());
        return SUCCESS;
    } else {
        sModel = extractModelFromResult(sResult);
        if(sModel.size() == 0) {
            printWarning("%s| Unable to get model from radio.  Returning [%s]", getName().c_str(), getName().c_str());
            return SUCCESS;
        }
    }

    printDebug("%s| Extracted [%s] from [%s] query", getName().c_str(), sModel.c_str(), sCmd.c_str());
    if(sModel != getName()) {
        printWarning("%s| Model identified [%s] does not match expected [%s]. Returning [%s]",
                     getName().c_str(),  sModel.c_str(), getName().c_str(), sModel.c_str());
    }

    return SUCCESS;
}

ICellularRadio::CODE QuectelRadio::getIccid(std::string& sIccid) {
    printTrace("%s| Get ICCID", getName().c_str());
    sIccid = ICellularRadio::VALUE_NOT_SUPPORTED;

    // AT+QCCID execution can take up to 300ms according to the datasheet. Setting timeout to 500ms just for sure.
    std::string sCmd("AT+QCCID");
    std::string sResult = sendCommand(sCmd, DEFAULT_BAIL_STRINGS, 500);

    size_t end = sResult.find(ICellularRadio::RSP_OK);
    if (end == std::string::npos) {
        printWarning("%s| Unable to get ICCID from radio using command [%s]", getName().c_str(), sCmd.c_str());
        return FAILURE;
    }

    size_t start = sResult.find("+QCCID:");
    if(start != std::string::npos) {
        start += sizeof("+QCCID:");
        sIccid = MTS::Text::trim(sResult.substr(start, end-start));
        if(sIccid.size() == 0) {
            printWarning("%s| Unable to get ICCID from radio using command [%s]", getName().c_str(), sCmd.c_str());
            return FAILURE;
        }
    }
    return SUCCESS;
}

ICellularRadio::CODE QuectelRadio::getService(std::string& sService) {
    printTrace("%s| Get Service", getName().c_str());
    sService = ICellularRadio::VALUE_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    std::string sCmd("AT+COPS?");
    std::string sResult = sendCommand(sCmd);
    size_t end = sResult.find(ICellularRadio::RSP_OK);
    if (end == std::string::npos) {
        printWarning("%s| Unable to get Service from radio using command [%s]", getName().c_str(), sCmd.c_str());
        return FAILURE;
    }

    size_t start = sResult.find(":") + 1; //Position right after "+COPS:"
    std::vector<std::string> vParts = MTS::Text::split(MTS::Text::trim(sResult.substr(start, end-start)), ',');

    int32_t iAccessTechnology;

    // +COPS: <mode>[,<format>[,<oper>][,<Act>]]
    if (vParts.size() < 4 || !MTS::Text::parse(iAccessTechnology, vParts[3])) {
        printWarning("%s| Unable to get Service from radio using command [%s]", getName().c_str(), sCmd.c_str());
        return FAILURE;
    }

    switch(iAccessTechnology) {
        case   0 : sService = "GPRS"  ; break;  // GSM
        case   2 : sService = "WCDMA" ; break;  // UTRAN
        case   3 : sService = "EGPRS" ; break;  // GSM W/EGPRS
        case   4 : sService = "HSDPA" ; break;  // UTRAN W/HSDPA
        case   5 : sService = "WCDMA" ; break;  // UTRAN W/HSUPA
        case   6 : sService = "HSDPA" ; break;  // UTRAN W/HSDPA and HSUPA
        case   7 : sService = "LTE"   ; break;  // E-UTRAN
        case 100 : sService = "CDMA"  ; break;  // CDMA

        default: sService = ICellularRadio::VALUE_UNKNOWN; break;
    }

    printDebug("%s| Service ID: [%d][%s]", getName().c_str(), iAccessTechnology, sService.c_str());

    return SUCCESS;
}

ICellularRadio::CODE QuectelRadio::getNetwork(std::string& sNetwork) {
    /*
     * TODO: Refactor using MccMncTable once it'll be corrected.
     *
     * The proper way to determine the current network is to do that
     * by MCC and MNC fetched from the `getNetworkStatus` and `AT+QENG` command.
     * By using MCC and MNC from `AT+QENG` we can fetch the name of the network
     * reported by a currently connected base station even if the SIM card is
     * not installed or if we are currently working is a roaming mode.
     *
     * Until MccMncTable implementation is not fixed, we are using the name
     * of a currently selected operator (AT+COPS).
     */
    printTrace("%s| Get Network", getName().c_str());
    sNetwork = ICellularRadio::VALUE_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    std::string sCmd("AT+COPS?");
    std::string sResult = sendCommand(sCmd);
    size_t end = sResult.find(ICellularRadio::RSP_OK);

    if (end == std::string::npos) {
        printWarning("%s| Unable to get network name from radio using command [%s]", getName().c_str(), sCmd.c_str());
        return FAILURE;
    }

    // +COPS: <mode>[, <format>, <oper>,<AcT>]
    // +COPS: vParts[0],vParts[1],vParts[2],vParts[3]
    size_t start = sResult.find(":") + 1; //Position right after "+COPS:"
    std::vector<std::string> vParts = MTS::Text::split(MTS::Text::trim(sResult.substr(start)), ",");

    if(vParts.size() > 3) {
        const std::string sValue = vParts[2];

        // +COPS: 0,0,"CHN-UNICOM UNICOM",7
        //             ^start    ^end
        // +COPS: 0,0,"AT&T",7
        //             ^st ^end
        size_t start = sValue.find("\"") + 1;
        size_t end = sValue.find_first_of(" \"", start);
        sNetwork = sValue.substr(start, end-start);
    } else {
        sNetwork = "";  // Not connected to any network
    }

    return SUCCESS;
}

/*  AT+QENG="servingcell" - Query the information of serving cells

    (GSM network)
    +QENG:"servingscell",<state>,"GSM",<mcc>,<mnc>,<lac>,<cellid>,<bsic>,<arfcn>,<band>,<rxlev>,<txp>,<rla>,<drx>,<c1>,<c2>,<gprs>,<tch>,<ts>,<ta>,<maio>,<hsn>,<rxlevsub>,<rxlevfull>,<rxqualsub>,<rxqualfull>,<voicecodec>

    (WCDMA network)
    +QENG:"servingcell",<state>,"WCDMA",<mcc>,<mnc>,<lac>,<cellid>,<uarfcn>,<psc>,<rac>,<rscp>,<ecio>,<phych>,<sf>,<slot>,<speech_code>,<comMod>

    (LTE Network)
    +QENG:"servingcell",<state>,"LTE",<is_tdd>,<mcc>,<mnc>,<cellid>,<pcid>,<earfcn>,<freq_band_ind>,<ul_bandwidth>,<dl_bandwidth>,<tac>,<rsrp>,<rsrq>,<rssi>,<sinr>,<srxlev>

    The following modes are NOT currently handled:
    - TD-SCDMA mode;
    - CDMA mode;
    - HDR mode;
    - SRLTE mode.

    In the case of TD-SCDMA mode:
    +QENG:"servingscell",<state>,"TDSCDMA",<mcc>,<mnc>,<lac>,<cellid>,<pfreq>,<rssi>,<rscp>,<ecio>

    In the case of CDMA mode or CDMA+HDR mode:
    +QENG:"servingscell",<state>,"CDMA",<mcc>,<mnc>,<lac>,<cellid>,<bcch>,<rxpwr>,<ecio>,<txpwr>
    [+QENG:"servingscell",<state>,"HDR",<mcc>,<mnc>,<lac>,<cellid>,<bcch>,<rxpwr>,<ecio>,<txpwr>]

    In the case of SRLTE mode:
    +QENG:"servingscell",<state>,"CDMA",<mcc>,<mnc>,<lac>,<cellid>,<bcch>,<rxpwr>,<ecio>,<txpwr>
    +QENG:"servingcell",<state>,"LTE",<is_tdd>,<mcc>,<mnc>,<cellid>,<pcid>,<earfcn>,<freq_band_ind>,<ul_bandwidth>,<dl_bandwidth>,<tac>,<rsrp>,<rsrq>,<rssi>,<sinr><srxlev>
*/
CellularRadio::CODE QuectelRadio::getNetworkStatus(Json::Value& jData) {
    const std::string RAT_GSM = "GSM";
    const std::string RAT_WCDMA = "WCDMA";
    const std::string RAT_LTE = "LTE";

    ACTIVEBAND abnd;
    SERVICEDOMAIN sd;
    std::string sValue;
    std::string sRat;  // Radio Access Technology which is currently used

    printTrace("%s| Get Network Status", getName().c_str());

    //Always get common network stats because this should never fail
    //This way the basic stats are always returned even if AT+QENG fails below
    getCommonNetworkStats(jData);

    // IMSI is not provided by AT+QENG. Fetch it separately to keep the same interface
    if (getImsi(sValue) == SUCCESS) {
        jData[ICellularRadio::KEY_IMSI] = sValue;
    }

    // Network Name is not explicitly provided by AT+QENG. Fetch it separately to keep the same interface
    // TODO: Replace with lookup by MCC and MNC once MccMncTable is fixed.
    if (getNetwork(sValue) == SUCCESS) {
        jData[ICellularRadio::KEY_NETWORK] = sValue;
    }

    std::string sCmd;
    std::string sResult;

    sCmd = "AT+QENG=\"servingcell\"";
    sResult = sendCommand(sCmd, DEFAULT_BAIL_STRINGS, 200);
    if (sResult.find("+QENG: \"servingcell\"") == std::string::npos) {
        printDebug("%s| Network Status command returned unexpected response: [%s][%s]", getName().c_str(), sCmd.c_str(), sResult.c_str());
        printTrace("%s| Network Status:\n%s\n", getName().c_str(), jData.toStyledString().c_str());
        return SUCCESS; //return SUCCESS because getCommonNetworkStats() succeeded at top of this function
    }

    size_t start = sResult.find(":") + 1; //Position right after "+QENG:"
    size_t end = sResult.rfind(ICellularRadio::RSP_OK);
    std::vector<std::string> vParts = MTS::Text::split(MTS::Text::trim(sResult.substr(start, end-start)), ",");
    Json::Value jDebug;
    Json::Value jQuectelDebug;

    if (vParts.size() < 3) {
        printDebug("%s| Network Status command reponse is an unknown format: [%s][%s]", getName().c_str(), sCmd.c_str(), sResult.c_str());
        printTrace("%s| Network Status:\n%s\n", getName().c_str(), jData.toStyledString().c_str());
        return SUCCESS; //return SUCCESS because getCommonNetworkStats() succeeded at top of this function
    } else {
        // UE state and Access technology, Quectel-specific information
        jQuectelDebug["state"] = vParts[1];

        sRat = MTS::Text::trim(vParts[2], '"');
        jQuectelDebug["rat"] = sRat;
    }

    // +QENG:"servingscell",<state>,"GSM",<mcc>,<mnc>,<lac>,<cellid>,<bsic>,<arfcn>,<band>,<rxlev>,<txp>,<rla>,<drx>,<c1>,<c2>,<gprs>,<tch>,<ts>,<ta>,<maio>,<hsn>,<rxlevsub>,<rxlevfull>,<rxqualsub>,<rxqualfull>,<voicecodec>
    // +QENG:           [0],    [1],  [2],  [3],  [4],  [5],     [6],   [7],    [8],   [9],   [10], [11], [12], [13],[14],[15],  [16], [17],[18],[19],  [20], [21],      [22],       [23],       [24],        [25],        [26]
    if (sRat == RAT_GSM) {
        //Parse as GSM Network Format
        jData[ICellularRadio::KEY_MCC] = vParts[3];
        jData[ICellularRadio::KEY_MNC] = vParts[4];
        jData[ICellularRadio::KEY_LAC] = vParts[5];
        jData[ICellularRadio::KEY_CID] = vParts[6];
        jQuectelDebug["bsic"] = vParts[7];
        jData[ICellularRadio::KEY_CHANNEL] = vParts[8];

        if (convertToActiveBand(vParts[9], abnd) == SUCCESS && convertActiveBandToString(abnd, sValue) == SUCCESS) {
            jData[ICellularRadio::KEY_ABND] = sValue;
        }

        jData[ICellularRadio::KEY_RSSIDBM] = vParts[10];  // Values already negative. No need to substract 111 as stated in a datasheet
        jData[ICellularRadio::KEY_TXPWR] = vParts[11];
        jQuectelDebug["rla"] = vParts[12];
        jQuectelDebug["drx"] = vParts[13];
        jQuectelDebug["c1"] = vParts[14];
        jQuectelDebug["c2"] = vParts[15];
        jQuectelDebug["gprs"] = vParts[16];
        jQuectelDebug["tch"] = vParts[17];
        jQuectelDebug["ts"] = vParts[18];
        jQuectelDebug["ta"] = vParts[19];
        jQuectelDebug["maio"] = vParts[20];
        jQuectelDebug["hsn"] = vParts[21];
        jQuectelDebug["rxlevsub"] = vParts[22];
        jQuectelDebug["rxlevfull"] = vParts[23];
        jQuectelDebug["rxqualsub"] = vParts[24];
        jQuectelDebug["rxqualfull"] = vParts[25];
        jQuectelDebug["voicecodec"] = vParts[26];

        // Service Domain is not provided by AT+QENG. Fetch it separately to keep the same interface
        if (getServiceDomain(sd) == SUCCESS && convertServiceDomainToString(sd, sValue) == SUCCESS) {
            jData[ICellularRadio::KEY_SD] = sValue;
        }

        // The following fields can NOT be fetched for Quectel in GSM mode: RAC, MM, RR, NOM

        jData["quectelDebug"] = jQuectelDebug;
    }

    // +QENG:"servingcell",<state>,"WCDMA",<mcc>,<mnc>,<lac>,<cellid>,<uarfcn>,<psc>,<rac>,<rscp>,<ecio>,<phych>,<sf>,<slot>,<speech_code>,<comMod>
    // +QENG:          [0],    [1],    [2],  [3],  [4],  [5],     [6],     [7],  [8],  [9],  [10],  [11],   [12],[13],  [14],         [15],    [16]
    else if(sRat == RAT_WCDMA) {
        //Parse as WCDMA Network Format
        jData[ICellularRadio::KEY_MCC] = vParts[3];
        jData[ICellularRadio::KEY_MNC] = vParts[4];
        jData[ICellularRadio::KEY_LAC] = vParts[5];
        jData[ICellularRadio::KEY_CID] = vParts[6];
        jData[ICellularRadio::KEY_CHANNEL] = vParts[7];
        jDebug[ICellularRadio::KEY_PSC] = vParts[8];
        jData[ICellularRadio::KEY_RAC] = vParts[9];
        jDebug[ICellularRadio::KEY_RSCP] = vParts[10];
        jDebug[ICellularRadio::KEY_ECIO] = vParts[11];
        jQuectelDebug["phych"] = vParts[12];
        jQuectelDebug["sf"] = vParts[13];
        jQuectelDebug["slot"] = vParts[14];
        jQuectelDebug["speechCode"] = vParts[15];
        jQuectelDebug["comMod"] = vParts[16];

        // The following fields can NOT be fetched for Quectel in WCDMA mode: TXPWR, DRX, MM, RR, NOM, BLER

        // RSSI is not provided by AT+QENG in WCDMA mode. It was filled above by the getCommonNetworkStats

        // Service Domain is not provided by AT+QENG. Fetch it separately to keep the same interface
        if (getServiceDomain(sd) == SUCCESS && convertServiceDomainToString(sd, sValue) == SUCCESS) {
            jDebug[ICellularRadio::KEY_SD] = sValue;
        }

        // BLER is not provided by AT+QENG. Set to constant
        jDebug[ICellularRadio::KEY_BLER] = "000";

        // Get the radio band given the channel (UARFCN)
        RadioBandMap radioBandMap(vParts[7], ICellularRadio::VALUE_TYPE_CDMA);
        jData[ICellularRadio::KEY_ABND] = radioBandMap.getRadioBandName();

        jData["quectelDebug"] = jQuectelDebug;
        jData[ICellularRadio::KEY_DEBUG] = jDebug;
    }

    // +QENG:"servingcell",<state>,"LTE",<is_tdd>,<mcc>,<mnc>,<cellid>,<pcid>,<earfcn>,<freq_band_ind>,<ul_bandwidth>,<dl_bandwidth>,<tac>,<rsrp>,<rsrq>,<rssi>,<sinr>,<srxlev>
    // +QENG:          [0],    [1],  [2],     [3],  [4],  [5],     [6],   [7],     [8],            [9],          [10],          [11], [12],  [13],  [14],  [15],   [16],   [17]
    else if(sRat == RAT_LTE) {
        //Parse as LTE Network Format
        jQuectelDebug["isTdd"] = vParts[3];
        jData[ICellularRadio::KEY_MCC] = vParts[4];
        jData[ICellularRadio::KEY_MNC] = vParts[5];
        jData[ICellularRadio::KEY_CID] = vParts[6];
        jQuectelDebug["pcid"] = vParts[7];
        jData[ICellularRadio::KEY_CHANNEL] = vParts[8];
        jQuectelDebug["freqBandInd"] = vParts[9];
        jQuectelDebug["ulBandwidth"] = vParts[10];
        jQuectelDebug["dlBandwidth"] = vParts[11];
        jData["tac"] = vParts[12];
        jDebug["rsrp"] = vParts[13];
        jDebug["rsrq"] = vParts[14];
        jDebug[ICellularRadio::KEY_RSSIDBM] = vParts[15];
        jQuectelDebug["sinr"] = vParts[16];
        jQuectelDebug["srxlev"] = vParts[17];

        // Get the radio band given the channel (EARFCN)
        RadioBandMap radioBandMap(vParts[8], ICellularRadio::VALUE_TYPE_LTE);
        jData[ICellularRadio::KEY_ABND] = radioBandMap.getRadioBandName();

        // Service Domain is not provided by AT+QENG. Fetch it separately to keep the same interface
        if (getServiceDomain(sd) == SUCCESS && convertServiceDomainToString(sd, sValue) == SUCCESS) {
            jDebug[ICellularRadio::KEY_SD] = sValue;
        }

        // LAC is not provided by AT+QENG in WCDMA mode. Use another command instead
        jData[ICellularRadio::KEY_LAC] = queryLteLac();

        jData["quectelDebug"] = jQuectelDebug;
        jData[ICellularRadio::KEY_DEBUG] = jDebug;
    }

    printTrace("%s| Network Status:\n%s\n", getName().c_str(), jData.toStyledString().c_str());
    return SUCCESS;
}

ICellularRadio::CODE QuectelRadio::convertSignalStrengthTodBm(const int32_t& iRssi, int32_t& iDbm) {
    int dbmSteps, minValue, maxValue, rssiOffset;
    int rawDbm;

    if(iRssi >= 0 && iRssi < 99) {
        // normal scaling
        dbmSteps   =  2;
        minValue   = -113;
        maxValue   = -51;
        rssiOffset =  0;
    } else if(iRssi >= 100 && iRssi < 199) {
        // TD-SCDMA scaling
        dbmSteps   =  1;
        minValue   = -116;
        maxValue   = -25;
        rssiOffset =  100;
    } else {
        return FAILURE;  // invalid, not known or not detectable
    }

    rawDbm = minValue + ((iRssi - rssiOffset) * dbmSteps);
    iDbm = std::min(maxValue, rawDbm);

    return SUCCESS;
}

ICellularRadio::CODE QuectelRadio::convertdBmToSignalStrength(const int32_t& iDBm, int32_t& iRssi) {
    //Quectel Conversion FOR NORMAL SCALING
    const int dbmSteps   =  2;
    const int minValue   = -113;
    const int rssiOffset =  0;

    if (iDBm < -113) {
        iRssi = 0;
    } else if (iDBm > -51) {
        iRssi = 31;
    } else {
        iRssi = ((iDBm - minValue) / dbmSteps) + rssiOffset;
    }

    return SUCCESS;
}

ICellularRadio::CODE QuectelRadio::setMdn(const Json::Value& jArgs) {
    printTrace("%s| Set MDN", getName().c_str());
    return NOT_APPLICABLE;
}

ICellularRadio::CODE QuectelRadio::startOmaDm(ICellularRadio::UpdateCb& stepCb) {
    printTrace("%s| Start OMA DM procedure", getName().c_str());

    // TODO: All the timeout values below are empirically defined.
    //       Feel free to update them if you get any verified information.
    const int32_t iTimeoutOk = 3 * 1000;  // 3 seconds
    const int32_t iTimeoutStart = 5 * 1000;  // 5 seconds
    const int32_t iTimeoutEnd = 160 * 1000;  // 2 minutes 40 seconds
    const int32_t iTimeoutAbort = 3 * 1000;  // 3 seconds

    const std::string sCmdOdmStart = "AT+QODM=\"dme\",2,\"ui\"";
    const std::string sCmdOdmAbort = "AT+QODM=\"dme\",2,\"kill\"";

    const std::string sOdmStarted = "DM Start";
    const std::string sOdmFinished = "DM End";
    const std::string sOdmAbnormal = "DME Abnormal";

    const std::vector<std::string> vOdmStartedStrings{ sOdmStarted };
    const std::vector<std::string> vOdmFinishedStrings{ sOdmFinished, sOdmAbnormal };

    CODE eCode;

    do {

        // Send command and expect "OK" in iTimeoutOk milliseconds
        eCode = sendBasicCommand(sCmdOdmStart, iTimeoutOk);
        if (eCode != SUCCESS) {
            printError("%s| OMA DM procedure can not be started", getName().c_str());
            callNextStep(stepCb, "OMA DM Error: OMA DM can not be started");
            break;
        }

        // Wait for the "Start" response
        std::string sResponse = waitResponse(vOdmStartedStrings, iTimeoutStart);
        printDebug("%s| Radio returned: [%s]", getName().c_str(), sResponse.c_str());

        // Received something unexpected or nothing at all?
        if (sResponse.find(sOdmStarted) == std::string::npos) {
            printError("%s| OMA DM procedure failed due to timeout", getName().c_str());
            callNextStep(stepCb, "OMA DM Error: OMA DM failed due to timeout");
            eCode = FAILURE;
            break;
        }

        // Got "DM Started" message from the radio
        printTrace("%s| OMA DM started", getName().c_str());
        callNextStep(stepCb, "OMA DM Info: OMA DM started");

        // Wait for the "End" or "Abnormal" response
        sResponse = waitResponse(vOdmFinishedStrings, iTimeoutEnd);
        printDebug("%s| Radio returned: [%s]", getName().c_str(), sResponse.c_str());

        // Received "Abnormal"?
        if (sResponse.find(sOdmAbnormal) != std::string::npos) {
            printError("%s| OMA DM procedure failed due to internal error: [%s]", getName().c_str(), sResponse.c_str());
            callNextStep(stepCb, "OMA DM Error: OMA DM failed due to internal error");

            eCode = FAILURE;
            break;
        }

        // Received something unexpected or nothing at all?
        if (sResponse.find(sOdmFinished) == std::string::npos) {
            printError("%s| OMA DM procedure failed due to timeout", getName().c_str());
            callNextStep(stepCb, "OMA DM Error: OMA DM failed due to timeout");

            sendBasicCommand(sCmdOdmAbort, iTimeoutAbort);  // abort the procedure
            eCode = FAILURE;
            break;
        }

        // Got "DM End" message from the radio
        printTrace("%s| OMA DM finished", getName().c_str());
        callNextStep(stepCb, "OMA DM Info: OMA DM finished");

        eCode = SUCCESS;

    } while (false);

    return eCode;
}

ICellularRadio::CODE QuectelRadio::updateFumoLocal(int fd, ICellularRadio::UpdateCb& stepCb) {
    CODE rc;

    rc = fumoLocalInject(fd, stepCb);
    if (rc != SUCCESS) {
        return rc;
    }

    rc = fumoLocalApply(stepCb);
    (void)fumoLocalCleanup();  // try to cleanup the injected file but cleanup errors are not fatal

    return rc;
}

ICellularRadio::CODE QuectelRadio::fumoLocalInject(int fd, ICellularRadio::UpdateCb& stepCb) {
    CODE rc = FAILURE;
    bool bIsFilePresent = false;

    do {
        callNextStep(stepCb, "FUMO Info: downloading the firmware");

        rc = checkFile(bIsFilePresent, VALUE_MTS_DELTA_NAME);
        if (rc != SUCCESS) {
            printError("Failed to check if the delta file was already download.");
            callNextStep(stepCb, "FUMO Error: failed to download the firmware file");
            break;
        }

        if (bIsFilePresent) {
            rc = fumoLocalCleanup();
        }

        if (rc != SUCCESS) {
            printError("Failed to remove the previous delta file.");
            callNextStep(stepCb, "FUMO Error: failed to download the firmware file");
            break;
        }

        rc = uploadFile(fd, VALUE_MTS_DELTA_NAME, stepCb);
        if (rc != SUCCESS) {
            printError("Failed to inject the delta file.");
            callNextStep(stepCb, "FUMO Error: failed to download the firmware file");
            break;
        }

        callNextStep(stepCb, "FUMO Info: firmware downloaded successfully");

    } while (false);

    return rc;
}

ICellularRadio::CODE QuectelRadio::fumoLocalCleanup() {
    printTrace("Removing the delta upgrade file: %s", VALUE_MTS_DELTA_NAME.c_str());
    return removeFile(VALUE_MTS_DELTA_NAME);
}

ICellularRadio::CODE QuectelRadio::fumoLocalApply(ICellularRadio::UpdateCb& stepCb) {
    const std::string sFotaUrcPrefix = "+QIND: \"FOTA\"";  // prefix for URC notification messages
    const std::vector<std::string> vFotaBailStrings{ sFotaUrcPrefix };

    ICellularRadio::CODE rc;
    std::string sCmd;
    std::string sResponse;

    rc = getVendorFirmware(m_sQuectelFirmware);
    if (rc != SUCCESS) {
        callNextStep(stepCb, "FUMO Error: Failed to obtain current firmware version");
        return rc;
    }
    printInfo("Current firmware version: %s", m_sQuectelFirmware.c_str());

    // Send "AT+QFOTADL" command to start the upgrade. OK response follows shortly.
    sCmd  = "AT+QFOTADL=\"";
    sCmd += VALUE_MTS_DELTA_PATH;
    sCmd += "\"";

    rc = sendBasicCommand(sCmd, 10000);

    if (rc != SUCCESS) {
        printError("FUMO failed, OK not received from the radio");
        callNextStep(stepCb, "FUMO Error: failed to apply the firmware");
        return rc;
    }

    const uint32_t duDetachTimeout = 15000;  // wait up to 15 seconds for the radio to detach
    const uint32_t duAttachTimeout = 30000;  // wait up to 30 seconds for the radio to attach
    const int dMaxAttempts = 5;  // the radio makes 5 attempts to update the firmware

    for (int i = 0; i < dMaxAttempts; i++) {

        printInfo("Waiting for the radio to enter recovery mode");
        callNextStep(stepCb, "FUMO Info: waiting for the radio to enter recovery mode");

        // Wait for new FOTA responses. Exits preliminary if radio detached.
        sResponse = waitResponse(vFotaBailStrings, duDetachTimeout);
        printTrace("Radio response: [%s]", sResponse.c_str());

        if (i == 0 && sResponse.find(sFotaUrcPrefix) != std::string::npos) {
            // FOTA responce code received before radio detach, image can't be applied.
            // EG25-G radio prints a message in +QIND: "FOTA",ERR_CODE format in this case.
            std::string sErrorCode = getFumoEarlyErrorCode(sResponse);

            printError("Preliminary termination of FUMO procedure: [%s]", sErrorCode.c_str());
            callNextStep(stepCb, "FUMO Error: radio returned error code " + sErrorCode);

            // We got a response from the radio but FOTA failed
            rc = FAILURE;
            break;
        }

        // It's now detached. Try to reconnect
        if (!resetConnection(duAttachTimeout)) {
            printError("Can't connect to the radio in %d ms", (duAttachTimeout));
            callNextStep(stepCb, "FUMO Error: unable to obtain radio after reset");
            break;
        }

        // It's now back on the bus. Wait for the URC messages.
        printInfo("Applying the radio firmware");
        callNextStep(stepCb, "FUMO Info: applying the radio firmware");
        rc = fumoWaitUpgradeFinished(stepCb);

        if (rc == ERROR) {
            // unrecoverable error
            callNextStep(stepCb, "FUMO Error: failed to apply the firmware, consider radio reset");
            break;
        }

        if (rc != SUCCESS) {
            // attempt failed, radio reboots and starts its next attempt
            printError("Failed to apply the firmware, attempts left: %d", (dMaxAttempts - i - 1));
            callNextStep(stepCb, "FUMO Error: failed to apply the firmware");
            continue;
        }

        // Wait for the radio to finish update and reboot
        printTrace("Waiting for the radio to come up");
        callNextStep(stepCb, "FUMO Info: waiting for the radio to enter normal mode");

        rc = fumoWaitNewFirmware(stepCb);
        break;
    }

    if (rc == SUCCESS) {
        printInfo("Radio firmware applied successfully");
        callNextStep(stepCb, "FUMO Done: radio firmware applied successfully");
    } else {
        printError("Radio firmware has not been updated");
        callNextStep(stepCb, "FUMO Error: radio firmware has not been updated");
    }

    return rc;
}

ICellularRadio::CODE QuectelRadio::getServiceDomain(ICellularRadio::SERVICEDOMAIN& sd) {
    printTrace("%s| Get Service Domain", getName().c_str());

    std::string sCmd("AT+QCFG=\"servicedomain\"");
    std::string sResult = sendCommand(sCmd);
    size_t end = sResult.find(ICellularRadio::RSP_OK);

    if (end == std::string::npos) {
        printWarning("%s| Unable to get service domain using command [%s]", getName().c_str(), sCmd.c_str());
        return FAILURE;
    }

    // +QCFG: "servicedomain",<service>
    size_t start = sResult.find(",") + 1;  // Position right after comma
    std::string sServiceDomain = MTS::Text::trim(sResult.substr(start, end-start));
    int iValue = -1;

    if (!MTS::Text::parse(iValue, sServiceDomain)) {
        printWarning("%s| Failed to parse service domain from command output [%s]", getName().c_str(), sCmd.c_str());
        return FAILURE;
    }

    switch (iValue) {
        case 0: sd = SERVICEDOMAIN::CS_ONLY; break;
        case 1: sd = SERVICEDOMAIN::PS_ONLY; break;
        case 2: sd = SERVICEDOMAIN::CSPS; break;

        default: return FAILURE;  // Unknown
    }

    return SUCCESS;
}

ICellularRadio::CODE QuectelRadio::getIsSimInserted(bool& bData) {
    printTrace("%s| Get SIM insertion status", getName().c_str());

    // AT+QSIMSTAT? execution can take up to 300ms according to the datasheet. Setting timeout to 500ms just for sure.
    std::string sCmd("AT+QSIMSTAT?");
    std::string sResult = sendCommand(sCmd, DEFAULT_BAIL_STRINGS, 500);

    const std::string sPrefix = "+QSIMSTAT: ";
    size_t start = sResult.find(sPrefix);
    size_t end = sResult.rfind(ICellularRadio::RSP_OK);

    if (end == std::string::npos) {
        printWarning("%s| Unable to get SIM insertion status from radio using command [%s]", getName().c_str(), sCmd.c_str());
        return FAILURE;
    }

    if (start == std::string::npos) {
        printDebug("%s| AT+QSIMSTAT? returned unexpected response: [%s][%s]", getName().c_str(), sCmd.c_str(), sResult.c_str());
        return FAILURE;
    }

    // +QSIMSTAT: <enable>,<inserted_status>
    start += sPrefix.size();
    std::vector<std::string> vParts = MTS::Text::split(MTS::Text::trim(sResult.substr(start, end-start)), ',');

    if(vParts.size() != 2) {
        printWarning("%s| Unable to parse SIM insertion status from response [%s]", getName().c_str(), sResult.c_str());
        return FAILURE;
    }

    if (vParts[1] == "1") {  // Inserted
        bData = true;
    } else {   // Removed or Unknown, before (U)SIM initialization
        bData = false;
    }

    return SUCCESS;
}

ICellularRadio::CODE QuectelRadio::getSimLockAttempts(int& iAttemptsPin, int& iAttemptsPuk) {
    printTrace("%s| Get SIM unlock attempts left", getName().c_str());

    // AT+QPINC execution can take more time that expected. Set timeout to 2s just to be sure.
    std::string sCmd("AT+QPINC=\"SC\"");
    std::string sResult = sendCommand(sCmd, DEFAULT_BAIL_STRINGS, 2000);

    const std::string sPrefix = "+QPINC: \"SC\",";
    size_t start = sResult.find(sPrefix);
    size_t end = sResult.rfind(ICellularRadio::RSP_OK);

    if (end == std::string::npos) {
        printWarning("%s| Unable to get SIM unlock attempts from radio using command [%s]", getName().c_str(), sCmd.c_str());
        return FAILURE;
    }

    if (start == std::string::npos) {
        printDebug("%s| AT+QPINC returned unexpected response: [%s][%s]", getName().c_str(), sCmd.c_str(), sResult.c_str());
        return FAILURE;
    }

    // +QPINC: <facility>,<pincounter>,<pukcounter>
    //         [x]       ,[0]         ,[1]
    start += sPrefix.size();
    std::vector<std::string> vParts = MTS::Text::split(MTS::Text::trim(sResult.substr(start, end-start)), ',');

    if(vParts.size() != 2) {
        printWarning("%s| Unable to parse SIM unlock attempts left from response [%s]", getName().c_str(), sResult.c_str());
        return FAILURE;
    }

    if (!MTS::Text::parse(iAttemptsPin, vParts[0])) {
        printWarning("%s| Unable to parse SIM PIM unlock attempts from response [%s]", getName().c_str(), sResult.c_str());
        return FAILURE;
    }

    if (!MTS::Text::parse(iAttemptsPuk, vParts[1])) {
        printWarning("%s| Unable to parse SIM PUK unlock attempts from response [%s]", getName().c_str(), sResult.c_str());
        return FAILURE;
    }

    return SUCCESS;
}

ICellularRadio::CODE QuectelRadio::convertToActiveBand(const std::string& sQuectelBand, ICellularRadio::ACTIVEBAND& band) {
    int iQuectelBand = -1;

    if (!MTS::Text::parse(iQuectelBand, sQuectelBand)) {
         return FAILURE;  // probably "-", other band
    }

    switch (iQuectelBand) {
        case 0: band = ACTIVEBAND::DCS_1800; break;
        case 1: band = ACTIVEBAND::PCS_1900; break;

        default: return FAILURE;  // actually, this case should never happen
    }

    return SUCCESS;
}

ICellularRadio::CODE QuectelRadio::setCellularMode(CELLULAR_MODES networks) {
    std::string prefNet;
    unsigned int prefOnly = 0, prefCount = 0;
    for (int i = sizeof(networks)*CHAR_BIT-1; i>=0; --i){
        switch (1<<i & networks) {
            case ICellularRadio::CELLULAR_MODE_2G: prefNet += "01"  ; prefOnly = 1; prefCount++; break;
            case ICellularRadio::CELLULAR_MODE_3G: prefNet += "0302"; prefOnly = 2; prefCount++; break;
            case ICellularRadio::CELLULAR_MODE_4G: prefNet += "04"  ; prefOnly = 3; prefCount++; break;
        }
    }

    std::string sCmd;
    if (prefCount == 1) { // *g-only
        sCmd = "AT+QCFG=\"nwscanmode\"," + std::to_string(prefOnly);
    } else { // preferred
        sCmd = "AT+QCFG=\"nwscanmode\",0";
    }
    std::string cmdResult = sendCommand(sCmd);
    if (cmdResult.find(ICellularRadio::RSP_OK) == std::string::npos) {
        printError("%s| AT+QCFG=\"nwscanmode\" returned unexpected response: [%s][%s]", getName().c_str(), sCmd.c_str(), cmdResult.c_str());
        return FAILURE;
    }

    sCmd = "AT+QCFG=\"nwscanseq\"," + prefNet;
    cmdResult = sendCommand(sCmd);
    if (cmdResult.find(ICellularRadio::RSP_OK) == std::string::npos) {
        printError("%s| AT+QCFG=\"nwscanseq\" returned unexpected response: [%s][%s]", getName().c_str(), sCmd.c_str(), cmdResult.c_str());
        return FAILURE;
    }
    return SUCCESS;
}

ICellularRadio::CODE QuectelRadio::uploadFile(int fd, const std::string& sTargetFilename, ICellularRadio::UpdateCb& stepCb) {
    const uint16_t uFileTimeout = 2;  // s
    const int32_t iUploadResultTimeout = uFileTimeout * 2 * 1000;  // ms

    // Quectel radios return ACK string every 1024 bytes
    const size_t nChunksPerAck = std::max(static_cast<size_t>(1), (1024 / FILE_CHUNK_SIZE));
    const size_t nAcksPerChunk = std::max(static_cast<size_t>(1), (FILE_CHUNK_SIZE / 1024));
    const std::string sAckString(nAcksPerChunk, 'A');

    size_t dPayloadLength;
    size_t nChunks;
    CODE rc;

    rc = getFileSize(fd, dPayloadLength);
    if (rc != SUCCESS) {
        return rc;
    }

    rc = sizeToChunks(dPayloadLength, FILE_CHUNK_SIZE, nChunks);
    if (rc != SUCCESS) {
        return rc;
    }

    printTrace("File size: %d bytes and %d chunks", dPayloadLength, nChunks);
    printTrace("Starting file upload...");

    // Start file upload, set transmission timeouts and enable ACK mode
    rc = startFileUpload(sTargetFilename, dPayloadLength, uFileTimeout, true);
    if (rc != SUCCESS) {
        return rc;
    }

    printTrace("File upload started.");
    callNextStep(stepCb, "FILE Info: Started file upload for " + sTargetFilename);

    uint16_t dChecksum = 0;
    size_t nChunksPerCent = (nChunks / 100) + 1;
    size_t nFragmentLength = 0;
    std::array<char, FILE_CHUNK_SIZE> vBuffer;
    std::string sResponse;

    // ACK waiter callback - wait for ACK and populate result code
    IsNeedMoreData waitAck = [&rc, &sAckString](const std::string& /*iterationData*/, const std::string& allData)->bool {
        if (allData.find(sAckString) != std::string::npos) {
            // No data needed
            rc = SUCCESS;
            return false;
        }

        // We need more data
        rc = NO_RESPONSE;
        return true;
    };

    for (size_t iChunk = 0; iChunk < nChunks; iChunk++) {

        rc = readChunk(fd, vBuffer.data(), vBuffer.size(), nFragmentLength);
        if (rc != SUCCESS) {
            break;
        }

        // we got our fragment, calculate checksum and flush the data
        uint16_t dFragmentChecksum = getQuectelChecksum(vBuffer.data(), nFragmentLength);
        updateQuectelChecksum(dChecksum, dFragmentChecksum);

        rc = sendData(vBuffer.data(), nFragmentLength);
        if (rc != SUCCESS) {
            // failed to send data
            break;
        }

        // Every 1024 bytes
        if ((iChunk) && (iChunk % nChunksPerAck == 0)) {
            // Wait for ACK for up to 1 second and populate rc variable
            sResponse = waitResponse(waitAck, 1000);
            if (rc != SUCCESS) {
                // timeout or end of execution - check later
                break;
            }
        }

        if (stepCb && ((iChunk % nChunksPerCent) == 0)) {
            size_t dPercentsCompleted = iChunk / nChunksPerCent;
            callNextStep(stepCb, "FILE Info: Uploaded " + MTS::Text::format(dPercentsCompleted) + "%");
        }

    }

    printTrace("Waiting for acknoledge from the radio");
    std::string sExpectedResult = "+QFUPL: ";
    sExpectedResult += MTS::Text::format(dPayloadLength);
    sExpectedResult += ",";
    sExpectedResult += MTS::Text::toLowerCase(MTS::Text::formatHex(dChecksum));

    // Wait for confirmation of successful upload completion
    sResponse += waitResponse(DEFAULT_BAIL_STRINGS, iUploadResultTimeout);

    if (sResponse.find(sExpectedResult) != std::string::npos) {
        printDebug("Radio returned: [%s]", sResponse.c_str());
        printTrace("Upload finished, checksum matched");
        callNextStep(stepCb, "FILE Info: Upload finished successfully");

        return SUCCESS;
    }

    printError("Upload failed: checksum mismatch. Expected: [%s], Actual: [%s]", sExpectedResult.c_str(), sResponse.c_str());
    callNextStep(stepCb, "FILE Error: Upload failed due to internal error");

    abortFileUpload();
    return FAILURE;
}

ICellularRadio::CODE QuectelRadio::removeFile(const std::string& sTargetFilename) {
    printTrace("Removing file [%s] from the radio memory", sTargetFilename.c_str());

    const int dTimeout = 1000; //ms
    const std::string sCmd = "AT+QFDEL=\"" + sTargetFilename + "\"";

    std::string sResult = sendCommand(sCmd, ICellularRadio::DEFAULT_BAIL_STRINGS, dTimeout);
    if (sResult.find(ICellularRadio::RSP_OK) == std::string::npos) {
        printError("Failed to remove file [%s]: [%s]", sTargetFilename.c_str(), sResult.c_str());
        return FAILURE;
    }

    printTrace("File [%s] removed", sTargetFilename.c_str());
    return SUCCESS;
}

ICellularRadio::CODE QuectelRadio::checkFile(bool& bIsFilePresent, const std::string& sTargetFilename) {
    printTrace("Checking status of the [%s] file", sTargetFilename.c_str());

    const int dTimeout = 1000; //ms
    const std::string sCmd = "AT+QFLST";  // list all files in the UFS memory

    std::string sResult = sendCommand(sCmd, ICellularRadio::DEFAULT_BAIL_STRINGS, dTimeout);
    if (sResult.rfind(ICellularRadio::RSP_OK) == std::string::npos) {
        printError("Unable to list files from the radio memory: [%s]", sResult.c_str());
        return FAILURE;
    }

    // UFS files in +QFLST output may or may not have a "UFS:" prefix
    const std::string sExpectedFull = "+QFLST: \"UFS:" + sTargetFilename + "\"";
    const std::string sExpectedAlt = "+QFLST: \"" + sTargetFilename + "\"";

    // File is present if its name is present with or without "UFS:" prefix in QFLST output
    bool bIsPresentFull = (sResult.find(sExpectedFull) != std::string::npos);
    bool bIsPresentAlt = (sResult.find(sExpectedAlt) != std::string::npos);

    bIsFilePresent = (bIsPresentFull || bIsPresentAlt);
    return SUCCESS;
}

uint16_t QuectelRadio::getQuectelChecksum(const void* data, size_t nBytes) {
    auto castData = static_cast<const uint8_t*>(data);
    uint16_t iChecksum = 0;

    for (size_t i = 0; i < nBytes; i += 2) {
        // If the number of the characters is odd, set the last character as the high 8 bit, and the low 8 bit as 0,
        // and then use an XOR operator to calculate the checksum.
        bool bHasLowByte = (i + 1 < nBytes);

        uint8_t high = castData[i];
        uint8_t low = bHasLowByte ? (castData[i+1]) : (0);

        uint16_t iFragment = bytesToUint16(high, low);
        updateQuectelChecksum(iChecksum, iFragment);
    }

    return iChecksum;
}

ICellularRadio::CODE QuectelRadio::fumoWaitUpgradeFinished(ICellularRadio::UpdateCb& stepCb) {
    const uint32_t duUrcTimeout = 4 * 60 * 1000;  // wait for 4 minutes for the next URC message
    const uint32_t duAttachTimeout = 30 * 1000;  // wait up to 30 seconds for the radio to attach
    const std::string sFotaUrcPrefix = "+QIND: \"FOTA\"";  // prefix for the URC notification messages
    const std::string sFotaUrcStart = "\"START\"";
    const std::string sFotaUrcProgress = "\"UPDATING\"";
    const std::string sFotaUrcEnd = "\"END\"";
    const std::vector<std::string> vFotaBailStrings{ sFotaUrcPrefix };

    bool bFinished = false;
    CODE rc = FAILURE;
    std::string sResponse;

    while (!bFinished) {  // breaks on "FOTA","END"
        sResponse = waitResponse(vFotaBailStrings, duUrcTimeout);
        printTrace("Radio response: [%s]", sResponse.c_str());

        if (sResponse.empty()) {
            // Radio detached again. Try to reconnect
            if (!resetConnection(duAttachTimeout)) {
                printError("Can't connect to the radio in %d ms", (duAttachTimeout));
                callNextStep(stepCb, "FUMO Error: unable to obtain radio after second reset");
                return ERROR;
            }

            sResponse = waitResponse(vFotaBailStrings, duUrcTimeout);
            printTrace("Radio response: [%s]", sResponse.c_str());
        }

        if (sResponse.find(sFotaUrcPrefix) == std::string::npos) {
            printError("No URC messages from the radio in %d ms", duUrcTimeout);
            callNextStep(stepCb, "FUMO Error: timeout, radio is not responding");
            rc = ERROR;
            break;
        }

        // Occasionally sendCommand returns multiple lines in one chunk.
        // Handle each line separately for such cases.
        const auto vLines = MTS::Text::split(sResponse, '\r');

        for (const auto& sLine : vLines) {
            const auto& sTrimmedLine = MTS::Text::trim(sLine);

            if (sTrimmedLine.empty()) {
                // whitespace characters only, ignore
                continue;
            }

            printTrace("Processing line: [%s]", sTrimmedLine.c_str());

            if (sTrimmedLine.find(sFotaUrcPrefix) == std::string::npos) {
                printDebug("URC message not found, line skipped");
                continue;
            }

            const auto vParts = MTS::Text::split(sTrimmedLine, ',', 3);
            const std::string& sStage = getByIndex(vParts, 1, "NOT_DEFINED");

            if (sStage == sFotaUrcEnd) {
                // FOTA finished
                printTrace("Got FOTA END message");
                const std::string& sCode = getByIndex(vParts, 2, "-1");

                if (sCode == "0") {
                    // finished successfully
                    rc = SUCCESS;
                    bFinished = true;
                    break;
                }

                // attempt failed, the radio attempts to recover
                callNextStep(stepCb, "FUMO Error: radio returned error code " + sCode);
                bFinished = true;
                break;
            } else if (sStage == sFotaUrcStart) {
                printTrace("Got FOTA START message");
            } else if (sStage == sFotaUrcProgress) {
                printTrace("Got FOTA progress message");
                const std::string& sPercents = getByIndex(vParts, 2, "0");
                printInfo("FOTA progress: [%s]", sPercents.c_str());
                callNextStep(stepCb, "FUMO Info: firmware apply progress " + sPercents);
            } else {
                printInfo("FOTA unexpected URC code: [%s]", sLine.c_str());
            }
        }
    }

    return rc;
}

ICellularRadio::CODE QuectelRadio::fumoWaitNewFirmware(ICellularRadio::UpdateCb& stepCb) {
    MTS::Timer oTimer;
    oTimer.start();
    std::string sQuectelFirmware;
    CODE rc = ERROR;

    while (oTimer.getSeconds() < (5 * 60)) { // 5 minutes

        MTS::Thread::sleep(10000);

        // sendBasicCommand "eats" and clears all the extra data present in the buffer,
        // both commands shall succeed
        if (sendBasicCommand("AT") != SUCCESS || getVendorFirmware(sQuectelFirmware) != SUCCESS) {
            // The radio is probably unavailable
            resetConnection(100);
            continue;
        }

        printInfo("Firmware version before the upgrade: %s", m_sQuectelFirmware.c_str());
        printInfo("Current firmware version: %s", sQuectelFirmware.c_str());

        if (sQuectelFirmware == m_sQuectelFirmware) {
            // Radio will not reset anymore, firmware version left the same, not updated
            printError("Radio firmware version not changed after upgrade");
            rc = FAILURE;
            break;
        }

        // The firmware numbers have changed
        rc = SUCCESS;
        break;
    }
    oTimer.stop();

    if (rc == ERROR) {
        printError("Radio is not responding");
        callNextStep(stepCb, "FUMO Error: unable to obtain radio after reset");
    }

    return rc;
}

std::string QuectelRadio::getFumoEarlyErrorCode(const std::string& sRadioInput) {
    const std::string sFotaPrefix = "+QIND: \"FOTA\",";
    const char cLineEnd = ICellularRadio::CR;

    // sRadioInput may contain several lines. We need to find the line with '+QIND: "FOTA",' in it
    auto pLineStart = sRadioInput.find(sFotaPrefix);

    if (pLineStart == std::string::npos) {
        // FOTA line not found at all
        return "-1";
    }

    // Parse the error code
    auto pErrorStart = pLineStart + sFotaPrefix.length();
    auto pLineEnd = sRadioInput.find(cLineEnd, pErrorStart);

    // Filter the error code
    std::string sSubString = sRadioInput.substr(pErrorStart, pLineEnd - pErrorStart);
    std::string sResult = MTS::Text::trim(sSubString);

    return sResult;
}

ICellularRadio::CODE QuectelRadio::startFileUpload(const std::string& sTargetFilename, size_t nBytes, uint16_t uRxTimeout, bool bAckEnabled) {
    const std::vector<std::string> vBailStrings{ ICellularRadio::RSP_CONNECT, ICellularRadio::RSP_ERROR };
    const int dTimeout = 1000; //ms
    std::string sCommand, sResult;

    // Format: AT+QFUPL=<filename>[,<file_size>[,<timeout>[,<ackmode>]]

    sCommand = "AT+QFUPL=\"";
    sCommand += sTargetFilename;
    sCommand += "\",";
    sCommand += MTS::Text::format(nBytes);
    sCommand += ",";
    sCommand += MTS::Text::format(uRxTimeout);

    if (bAckEnabled) {
        // ACK mode enabled
        sCommand += ",1";
    }

    sResult = sendCommand(sCommand, vBailStrings, dTimeout);
    if (sResult.find(ICellularRadio::RSP_CONNECT) == std::string::npos) {
        printError("Radio is not ready to accept the file: [%s]", sResult.c_str());
        return FAILURE;
    }

    return SUCCESS;
}

ICellularRadio::CODE QuectelRadio::abortFileUpload() {
    /*
     * To prevent the “+++” from being mistaken for data, the following sequence should be followed:
     * 1) Do not input any character within 1s or longer before inputting “+++”.
     * 2) Input “+++” within 1s, and no other characters can be inputted during the time.
     * 3) Do not input any character within 1s after “+++” has been inputted.
     */
    sleep(1);
    return sendBasicCommand(CMD_ABORT_UPLOAD, 2000, 0x00);
}

ICellularRadio::CODE QuectelRadio::setUeModeOfOperation(ICellularRadio::UE_MODES_OF_OPERATION mode) {
    printTrace("%s| Set UE Mode Of Operation", getName().c_str());

    std::string sDomain, sPreference;

    switch (mode) {
        case ICellularRadio::UE_MODES_OF_OPERATION::CS_MODE1:
            sDomain = "0";
            sPreference = "00";
            break;
        case ICellularRadio::UE_MODES_OF_OPERATION::CS_MODE2:
            sDomain = "0";
            sPreference = "01";
            break;
        case ICellularRadio::UE_MODES_OF_OPERATION::PS_MODE1:
            sDomain = "1";
            sPreference = "00";
            break;
        case ICellularRadio::UE_MODES_OF_OPERATION::PS_MODE2:
            sDomain = "1";
            sPreference = "01";
            break;
        case ICellularRadio::UE_MODES_OF_OPERATION::CS_PS_MODE1:
            sDomain = "2";
            sPreference = "00";
            break;
        case ICellularRadio::UE_MODES_OF_OPERATION::CS_PS_MODE2:
            sDomain = "2";
            sPreference = "01";
            break;
        default:
            printError("%s| Set UE Mode Of Operation: invalid argument", getName().c_str());
            return INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    CODE rc;
    const int dTimeout = 1000; // ms
    std::string sCommand = "AT+QNVFW=\"/nv/item_files/modem/mmode/ue_usage_setting\"," + sPreference;

    rc = sendBasicCommand(sCommand, dTimeout);
    if (rc != SUCCESS) {
        printError("%s| Voice/data preference configuration failed with code [%d]", getName().c_str(), rc);
        return rc;
    }

    sCommand = "AT+QCFG=\"servicedomain\"," + sDomain + ",0";

    rc = sendBasicCommand(sCommand, dTimeout);
    if (rc != SUCCESS) {
        printError("%s| Service domain configuration failed with code [%d]", getName().c_str(), rc);
        return rc;
    }

    return SUCCESS;
}

ICellularRadio::CODE QuectelRadio::getUeUsageSetting(QuectelRadio::UE_USAGE_SETTING& us) {
    printTrace("%s| Get UE Usage Setting", getName().c_str());

    std::string sCmd("AT+QNVFR=\"/nv/item_files/modem/mmode/ue_usage_setting\"");
    std::string sResult = sendCommand(sCmd);
    size_t end = sResult.find(ICellularRadio::RSP_OK);

    if (end == std::string::npos) {
        printError("%s| Unable to get UE Usage Setting [%s]", getName().c_str(), sResult.c_str());
        return FAILURE;
    }

    // +QNVFR: <voice/data preference>
    const std::string sLabel = "+QNVFR: ";
    size_t start = sResult.find(sLabel);
    if (start == std::string::npos) {
        printError("%s| Failed to parse UE Usage Setting from output [%s]", getName().c_str(), sResult.c_str());
        return FAILURE;
    }

    start += sLabel.length();
    const std::string sPreference = MTS::Text::trim(sResult.substr(start, end - start));

    if (convertToUeUsageSetting(sPreference, us) != SUCCESS) {
        printError("%s| Unable to convert [%s] to UE Usage Setting", getName().c_str(), sPreference.c_str());
        return FAILURE;
    }

    return SUCCESS;
}

ICellularRadio::CODE QuectelRadio::convertToUeUsageSetting(const std::string& sSetting, QuectelRadio::UE_USAGE_SETTING& us) {
    if (sSetting == "00") {
        us = QuectelRadio::UE_USAGE_SETTING::MODE_1;
        return SUCCESS;
    }

    if (sSetting == "01") {
        us = QuectelRadio::UE_USAGE_SETTING::MODE_2;
        return SUCCESS;
    }

    us = QuectelRadio::UE_USAGE_SETTING::UNKNOWN_MODE;
    return FAILURE;
}

ICellularRadio::CODE QuectelRadio::getUeModeOfOperation(ICellularRadio::UE_MODES_OF_OPERATION& mode) {
    printTrace("%s| Get UE Mode Of Operation", getName().c_str());

    SERVICEDOMAIN sd;
    UE_USAGE_SETTING us;

    if (getServiceDomain(sd) != SUCCESS) {
        return FAILURE;
    }

    printTrace("%s| Retrieved servicedomain [%d]", getName().c_str(), sd);

    if (getUeUsageSetting(us) != SUCCESS) {
        return FAILURE;
    }

    printTrace("%s| Retrieved ue_usage_setting [%d]", getName().c_str(), us);

    if (sd == ICellularRadio::SERVICEDOMAIN::CS_ONLY && us == QuectelRadio::UE_USAGE_SETTING::MODE_1) {
        mode = ICellularRadio::UE_MODES_OF_OPERATION::CS_MODE1;
        return SUCCESS;
    }

    if (sd == ICellularRadio::SERVICEDOMAIN::CS_ONLY && us == QuectelRadio::UE_USAGE_SETTING::MODE_2) {
        mode = ICellularRadio::UE_MODES_OF_OPERATION::CS_MODE2;
        return SUCCESS;
    }

    if (sd == ICellularRadio::SERVICEDOMAIN::PS_ONLY && us == QuectelRadio::UE_USAGE_SETTING::MODE_1) {
        mode = ICellularRadio::UE_MODES_OF_OPERATION::PS_MODE1;
        return SUCCESS;
    }

    if (sd == ICellularRadio::SERVICEDOMAIN::PS_ONLY && us == QuectelRadio::UE_USAGE_SETTING::MODE_2) {
        mode = ICellularRadio::UE_MODES_OF_OPERATION::PS_MODE2;
        return SUCCESS;
    }

    if (sd == ICellularRadio::SERVICEDOMAIN::CSPS && us == QuectelRadio::UE_USAGE_SETTING::MODE_1) {
        mode = ICellularRadio::UE_MODES_OF_OPERATION::CS_PS_MODE1;
        return SUCCESS;
    }

    if (sd == ICellularRadio::SERVICEDOMAIN::CSPS && us == QuectelRadio::UE_USAGE_SETTING::MODE_2) {
        mode = ICellularRadio::UE_MODES_OF_OPERATION::CS_PS_MODE2;
        return SUCCESS;
    }

    printError("%s| Unknown combination of servicedomain [%d] and ue_usage_setting [%d]", getName().c_str(), sd, us);
    mode = ICellularRadio::UE_MODES_OF_OPERATION::UNKNOWN_MODE;
    return FAILURE;
}

ICellularRadio::CODE QuectelRadio::disableVoiceSupport() {
    printTrace("%s| Disable Voice Support", getName().c_str());

    CODE rc;
    const int dTimeout = 1000; // ms
    std::string sCommand = "AT+QNVFW=\"/nv/item_files/ims/IMS_enable\",00";

    rc = sendBasicCommand(sCommand, dTimeout);
    if (rc != SUCCESS) {
        printError("%s| Failed to disable IMS support: [%d]", getName().c_str(), rc);
        return rc;
    }

    sCommand = "AT+QNVW=5280,0,\"0102000000000000\"";

    rc = sendBasicCommand(sCommand, dTimeout);
    if (rc != SUCCESS) {
        printError("%s| Failed to disable voice support via +QNVW=5280,0: [%d]", getName().c_str(), rc);
        return rc;
    }

    sCommand = "AT+QNVFW=\"/nv/item_files/modem/mmode/sms_only\",01";

    rc = sendBasicCommand(sCommand, dTimeout);
    if (rc != SUCCESS) {
        printError("%s| Failed to enable \"SMS only\" registration flag: [%d]", getName().c_str(), rc);
        return rc;
    }

    return SUCCESS;
}

ICellularRadio::CODE QuectelRadio::getVoiceSupport(bool& bVoiceEnabled, bool& bSmsOnly) {
    printTrace("%s| Get Voice Support status", getName().c_str());

    CODE rc;

    bool bImsEnabled = false;
    const int dTimeout = 1000; // ms

    std::string sResult;
    std::string sCommand;
    std::string sLabel;

    bVoiceEnabled = false;
    bSmsOnly = false;

    printTrace("%s| Get IP Multimedia Subsystem status", getName().c_str());
    sCommand = "AT+QNVFR=\"/nv/item_files/ims/IMS_enable\"";
    sLabel = "+QNVFR: ";

    rc = sendBasicQuery(sCommand, sLabel, sResult, dTimeout);
    if (rc != SUCCESS) {
        return rc;
    }

    if (sResult != "00") {
        bImsEnabled = true;
    }

    printTrace("%s| Get +QNVR=5280,0 status", getName().c_str());
    sCommand = "AT+QNVR=5280,0";
    sLabel = "+QNVR: ";

    rc = sendBasicQuery(sCommand, sLabel, sResult, dTimeout);
    if (rc != SUCCESS) {
        return rc;
    }

    sResult = MTS::Text::strip(sResult, '"');

    if (bImsEnabled || sResult != VALUE_QNVR_DISABLE_VOICE) {
        bVoiceEnabled = true;
    }

    printTrace("%s| Get \"SMS only\" registration status", getName().c_str());
    sCommand = "AT+QNVFR=\"/nv/item_files/modem/mmode/sms_only\"";
    sLabel = "+QNVFR: ";

    rc = sendBasicQuery(sCommand, sLabel, sResult, dTimeout);
    if (rc != SUCCESS) {
        return rc;
    }

    if (sResult == "01") {
        bSmsOnly = true;
    }

    return SUCCESS;
}

ICellularRadio::CODE QuectelRadio::getSelectedBandsRaw(std::string& sRawBands) {
    printTrace("%s| Acquiring selected bands", getName().c_str());
    CODE rc;

    const std::string sCommand = "AT+QCFG=\"band\"";
    const std::string sLabel = "+QCFG: \"band\",";
    const int dTimeout = 1000;
    std::string sResult;

    rc = sendBasicQuery(sCommand, sLabel, sResult, dTimeout);
    if (rc != SUCCESS) {
        return rc;
    }

    std::vector<std::string> vParts = MTS::Text::split(sResult, ',');
    uint8_t iNumBandParams = 0;


    if (vParts.size() > 0) {
        uint16_t iSelectedBands = 0;
        // Duplicate the <GW_band> value to the first two fields
        // <GW_band> contains information for both the GSM and WCDMA bands
        if (!isContainsSignChar(vParts[0]) && MTS::Text::parseHex(iSelectedBands, MTS::Text::trim(vParts[0])) ) {
            sRawBands = MTS::Text::formatHex(iSelectedBands) + "," + MTS::Text::formatHex(iSelectedBands);
            iNumBandParams++;
        } else {
            printWarning("%s| Error during parse number from string: [%s]. Assuming that no GSM and WCDMA bands selected", getName().c_str(), vParts[0].c_str());
            sRawBands = "ffff,ffff";
        }
    } else {
        sRawBands = "ffff,ffff";
    }

    if (vParts.size() > 1) {
        uint64_t iSelectedBands = 0;
        if (!isContainsSignChar(vParts[1]) && MTS::Text::parseHex(iSelectedBands, MTS::Text::trim(vParts[1]))) {
            sRawBands += "," + MTS::Text::formatHex(iSelectedBands); // LTE bands
            iNumBandParams++;
        } else {
            printWarning("%s| Error during parse number from string: [%s]. Assuming that no LTE bands selected", getName().c_str(), vParts[0].c_str());
            sRawBands += ",ffffffffffffffff";
        }
    } else {
        sRawBands += ",ffffffffffffffff";
    }

    // All other fragments - ignored for now.

    // Return success if at least one band param was extracted; otherwise failure
    return (iNumBandParams > 0) ? SUCCESS : FAILURE;
}

bool MTS::IO::QuectelRadio::isContainsSignChar(const std::string& str) {
    if (str.find_first_of("+-") == std::string::npos) {
        return false;
    }

    return true;
}